People affected by diabetes are at an increased risk of developing heart failure than their non-diabetic counterparts, attributed in part to a distinct cardiac pathology termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial dysfunction and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in a range of diabetic complications and are a common feature of the diabetic heart. In this study, we soug...

To develop a risk score model for predicting hypertension specific to Dubai population in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to facilitate prevention and early intervention.A retrospective analysis of the Dubai Household Health Survey 2019 data was conducted. Demographic and physical parameters, as well as blood glucose levels, were included in the data. The risk factors for hypertension were ident...

Whether the frequency of interruptions to sitting time involving simple resistance activities (SRAs), compared to uninterrupted sitting, differentially affected 22 h glycemic control in adults with medication-controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D).Twenty-four participants (13 men; mean ± SD age 62 ± 8 years) completed three 8 h laboratory conditions: SIT: uninterrupted sitting; SRA3: sitting interrup...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading causes of death and morbidity in Australia and worldwide. Despite improvements in treatment, there remain large gaps in our understanding to prevent, treat and manage CVD events and associated morbidities. This article lays out a vision for enhancing CVD research in Australia through the development of a Big Data system, bringing together the multitude ...

To investigate the relationship of habitual FV intake, different types of FV, and vegetable diversity with depressive symptoms.Australian men and women (n = 4105) aged > 25 years from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire at baseline, 5 and 12 years. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the validat...

Non-dialysable protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and vice versa. PBUTs have been shown to alter sphingolipid imbalance. Dihydroceramide desaturase 1 (Des1) is an important gatekeeper enzyme which controls the non-reversible conversion of sphingolipids, dihydroceramide, into ceramide. The present stud...

To investigate the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its risk factors in regional Victoria.Prospective cross-sectional observational study (sub-study to CrossRoads II health study in Shepparton and Mooroopna).Four towns (populations, 6300-49 800) in the Goulburn Valley of Victoria.Randomly selected from households selected from residential address lists provided by loc...

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, intricately designed to meet cellular energy requirements. To accommodate alterations in energy demand, mitochondria have a high degree of plasticity, changing in response to transient activation of numerous stress-related pathways. This adaptive response is particularly relevant in highly metabolic tissues such as skeletal muscle, where mitochondria support...

Homocysteine is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease and has been proposed to contribute to vascular dysfunction. We sought to determine in a real-world clinical setting whether homocysteine levels were associated with hypertension mediated organ damage (HMOD) and could guide treatment choices in hypertension. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of prosp...

Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is a DNA repair mechanism that religates double-strand DNA breaks to maintain genomic integrity during the entire cell cycle. The Ku70/80 complex recognizes DNA breaks and serves as an essential hub for recruitment of NHEJ components. Here, we describe intramolecular interactions of the Ku70 C-terminal domain, known as the SAP domain. Using single-particle cryo-...

Cognitive impairment (CI) is highly prevalent in heart failure (HF), and increases patients' risks of readmission. This study sought to determine whether the presence and degree of CI could identify patients most likely to benefit from a HF disease management programme (DMP) to reduce readmissions.A total of 1152 consecutive Australian patients admitted with HF (2014-2017) were prospectively fo...

The aim of this cross-sectional mixed-method study was to understand the current use, and practices to support the implementation, of sit-stand workstations (SSWs) from the perspective of furniture purchasing decision makers in Australian organisations. An online survey, and in-depth interviews with a purposive sub-sample were conducted. A total of 216 eligible participants from 150 organisatio...

Effective identification and management of subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction (LVD) and subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF) by screening elderly populations might be compromised by mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We sought to characterise the prevalence and profile of MCI and evaluate associations with LV and left atrial (LA) dysfunction and AF, in a trial of screening for subclini...

: Myocardial infarction (MI), remains one of the leading causes of death and disability globally but publications on the progression of MI using data from the real world are limited. Multistate models have been widely used to estimate transition rates between disease states to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions. We apply a Bayesian multistate hidden Markov model to inve...

The current study investigates the role of diet in mediating the gut microbiome-cardiovascular association which has not yet been explored in humans. Using a two-arm dietary intervention study in healthy participants ( = 70), we assessed the effects of omega-3 and fibre supplementation on gut microbiome composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. We then investigated how changes ...

Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is used for critically ill patients requiring hemodynamic support but has been shown to induce an inflammatory response syndrome potentially leading to severe complications and poor outcome. Monocytes are comprised of different subsets and play a central role in the innate immune system. The small binding proteins, Designed Ankyrin Re...

We investigated the effects of exposure to very low levels of particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on coronary calcium score (CCS) in asymptomatic adults who are free of coronary artery disease (CAD).This study included 606 asymptomatic adults (49% men, aged 56±7 years) recruited from communities in three states of Australia during 2017-2018. CCS was measured using coro...

To determine the dose-response relationship between prolonged sitting and vascular function in healthy individuals and those with metabolic disturbances. To investigate the acute effects, on vascular function, of interventions that target interrupting prolonged sitting.Systematic review with meta-analysis.Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, PubMed, and CINAHL were searched from inception to 4 December 2...

Submassive pulmonary embolism (PE) lies on a spectrum of disease severity between standard and high-risk disease. By definition, patients with submassive PE have a worse outcome than the majority of those with standard-risk PE, who are hemodynamically stable and lack imaging or laboratory features of cardiac dysfunction. Systemic thrombolytic therapy has been proven to reduce mortality in patie...