Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is associated with cardiac dysfunction and predictive of cardiac mortality in obesity, especially in females. Clinical data further support that CMD associates with development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and that mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism may be more efficacious in obese female, versus male, HFpEF patients. Accordi...

Cardiovascular ailments are a major cause of mortality where over 1.3 billion people suffer from hypertension leading to heart-disease related deaths. Snake venoms possess a broad repertoire of natriuretic peptides with therapeutic potential for treating hypertension, congestive heart failure, and related cardiovascular disease. We now describe several taipan () natriuretic peptides TNPa-e whic...

Cardiometabolic diseases encompass a range of interrelated conditions that arise from underlying metabolic perturbations precipitated by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. While obesity, dyslipidaemia, smoking, and insulin resistance are major risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases, individuals still present in the absence of such traditional risk factors, making it difficult to ...

Investigating modifiable risk factors for the early stages of the development of type 2 diabetes is essential for effective prevention. Some studies show protective associations between dairy and prediabetes; however, associations are heterogeneous by the type and fat content of dairy foods.To examine the relationship between the consumption of dairy, including different types of dairy products...

Sex differences in patients presenting with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and shockable rhythm might be associated with disparities in clinical outcomes.We conducted a retrospective cohort study and compared characteristics and short-term outcomes between male and female adult patients who presented with OHCA and shockable rhythm at two large metropolitan health services in Melbourne, A...

Attainment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) therapeutic goals in statin-treated patients remains suboptimal. We quantified the health economic impact of delayed lipid-lowering intensification from an Australian healthcare and societal perspective.A lifetime Markov cohort model (n = 1000) estimating the impact on coronary heart disease (CHD) of intensifying lipid-lowering treatment...

We quantified the individual and joint contribution of contemporaneous causal behavioural exposures on the future burden of oesophageal and stomach cancers and their subtypes and assessed whether these burdens differ between population groups in Australia, as such estimates are currently lacking.We combined hazard ratios from seven pooled Australian cohorts (N = 367,058) linked to national canc...

The gut-lung axis is generally recognized, but there are few large studies of the gut microbiome and incident respiratory disease in adults.We sought to investigate the association and predictive capacity of the gut microbiome for incident asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Shallow metagenomic sequencing was performed for stool samples from a prospective, population-based c...

Circulating biomarkers may be useful in understanding prognosis and treatment efficacy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. In the VICTORIA (Vericiguat Global Study in Subjects with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) trial, vericiguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, decreased the primary outcome of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization in heart fa...

Colchicine is a broad-acting anti-inflammatory agent that has attracted interest for repurposing in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Here, we studied its ability at a human equivalent dose of 0.5 mg/day to modify plaque formation and composition in murine atherosclerosis and investigated its actions on macrophage responses to atherogenic stimuli in vitro. In atherosclerosis induced by hi...

Sedentary behaviours are ubiquitous in modern society, with Western populations spending approximately 50% of their waking hours in low levels of energy expenditure. This behaviour is associated with cardiometabolic derangements and increased morbidity and mortality. In individuals living with or at risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), "breaking up" sedentariness by interrupting prolonged ...

The proportions and trends in exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco advertisements among young people remain unknown globally. We determined recent (2010-18) proportions of exposure to pro-tobacco and anti-tobacco advertisements among young adolescents and their secular trends from 1999 to 2018.In this analysis of repeated cross-sectional surveys, we used the most recent data from 142 countr...

Background Childhood exposure to dyslipidemia is associated with adult atherosclerosis, but it is unclear whether the long-term risk associated with dyslipidemia is attenuated on its resolution by adulthood. We aimed to address this question by examining the links between childhood and adult dyslipidemia on carotid atherosclerotic plaques in adulthood. Methods and Results The Cardiovascular Ris...

The leading cause of mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have shown that murine arthritis impairs atherosclerotic lesion regression, because of cellular cholesterol efflux defects in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), causing monocytosis and impaired atherosclerotic regression. Therefore, we hypothesised that improvi...

Patients with venous anomalies are at increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) and subsequent complications, but they are often under-recognised. While unprovoked VTE may trigger testing for inherited thrombophilias and malignancy screening, anatomic variants are considered less often. Venous anomalies increase the risk due to venous flow disturbance, resulting in hypertension,...

Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin are widely used chemotherapy drugs. A common side effect of anthracycline therapy is cardiotoxicity, which can compromise heart function and lead to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Dexrazoxane and heart failure medications (i.e., beta blockers and drugs targeting the renin-angiotensin system) are prescribed for the primary prevention of cancer therap...

Mobile health (mHealth) services can not give full play to their value if only it is used in the short term, and their continuous usage can achieve better effects in health management. This study aims to explore the factors that affect continuous usage intentions of mHealth services and their mechanism of action.First, considering the uniqueness of health services and social environmental facto...

The Global Diabetes Compact is a WHO-driven initiative uniting stakeholders around goals of reducing diabetes risk and ensuring that people with diabetes have equitable access to comprehensive, affordable care and prevention. In this report we describe the development and scientific basis for key health metrics, coverage, and treatment targets accompanying the Compact. We considered metrics acr...