Objective We examined (1) cross-sectional and prospective associations of perceived and objectively-measured neighborhood attributes with purpose-specific walking; (2) the differences between cross-sectional and prospective associations in the sample of Japanese middle-to-older-aged adults. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study to collect data from 544 adults aged 40 to 69 years livi...

OBJECTIVES: Sarcopenia, defined as an age-associated loss of skeletal muscle function and muscle mass, occurs in approximately 6 - 22 % of older adults. This paper presents evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for screening, diagnosis and management of sarcopenia from the task force of the International Conference on Sarcopenia and Frailty Research (ICSFR). METHODS: To develop the guide...

Background: A single bout of moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise improves both metabolic and cognitive function. In addition to exercise, emerging evidence suggests that reducing sitting time may be another strategy for improving metabolic function. However, the combined effects of acute exercise with reductions in sitting time on cognitive and metabolic function are largely unknown. Method...

Since the burden of chronic diseases is rising globally, there is an urgent need to develop population-level approaches to reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Neighborhood environments, where people spend much of their time, are relevant in this context because they can influence residents’ daily behaviors related to health. In particular, public green spaces (PGS) can confer health benefits...

OBJECTIVE: What effect does regular exercise have on oxidative stress in people with Down syndrome? DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analyses. METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analyses was conducted. Six databases were searched from inception until August 2017. Studies where included if participants with Down syndrome (any age) had completed an exercise program of at least 6 weeks du...

The aim of this study was to compare the walkability of neighborhood environments of older adults (65 years and above) living in the general community and retirement village settings, and to describe associations between walkability and the physical activity of participants. The study was conducted in a coastal region of Australia largely characterized by urban sprawl. In 2011-2012, 292 partici...

No abstract available

Cycling for transport offers an opportunity to promote active and sustainable mobility among the growing population of older adults. However, only a few studies examined how environmental factors may promote cycling for transport among older adults. Purposeful convenience sampling was used to recruit 40 older adults in Flanders, Belgium. Researchers and participants made a cycle trip, during wh...

In response to a sustained pathological stress, such as chronic pressure overload or myocardial infarction, the heart undergoes maladaptive cardiac remodelling to compensate for the increase in workload, ultimately leading to heart failure if left untreated (1). Heart failure is a significant global health problem which is becoming worse as the population ages (2). Despite advances in pharmacol...

[No abstract available]

Public open spaces (POS) are key neighbourhood destinations shown to confer numerous physical and mental health benefits. The amount and spatial distribution of POS throughout cities are guided by urban planning policies and standards. However, empirical evidence is not generally used to create POS standards. Developing and testing POS indices associated with positive health outcomes, can infor...

Background Holding a driver licence is a vital part of life for many Australians, facilitating social connections and enabling access to employment, education and health services. There is a lack of evidence, however, about the value the community attaches to driver licences. This study investigates the monetary value that a sample of Australian adults place on holding a driver licence and how ...

China faces a huge task in managing the large numbers of people with diabetes. Primary care is at the forefront of this challenge, and needs to begin to adopt some of the management and organizational approaches that have been shown to be successful in tackling diabetes and similar chronic diseases. © 2018 Family Medicine and Community Health.

Objective: To describe patterns of sedentary behaviour and physical activity in adults two weeks post-hospital discharge following an upper or lower limb fracture, and identify associated predictive factors. Design: Observational study. Setting: Level 1 Trauma Centre. Participants: Adults aged 18–69 years with an isolated upper (UL) or lower (LL) limb fracture. Main Outcome Measures: Sitting ti...

A large amount of time spent sitting is a newly identified health risk. Although desk-based workers spend much of their time at work sitting, little is known about how office spaces may be related to workplace sitting time. This study examined cross-sectional associations of the perceived availability of office shared spaces with workers’ sitting time, and the potential role of workplace normat...

High volumes of daily television viewing time increase risk of cardiovascular disease and other health problems. We report the descriptive epidemiology of high (3+ hrs/day) and very high (5+ hrs/ day) television (TV) viewing time and their correlates among Brazilian adults. Data from 60,202 participants (18 more years of age) in the National Health Survey carried in 2013 were analysed. The prop...

No abstract available

No abstract available

no abstract available

Walk Score® is a free publicly-available tool that evaluates how a particular location is supportive of residents’ walking, based on the distance to various local destinations. Several studies have shown associations of Walk Score with walking behaviors. However, these studies have been conducted only in Western countries, such as the U.S.A., Australia, Canada, and France. In addition, the role...