Publications
Now showing items 2841-2860 of 5325 records
Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A systematic review of selection criteria, outcome measures and definitions of complications.
JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE - 01 Oct 2019
The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the reporting of selection criteria and outcome measures, and to examine definitions of complications used in venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation studies (V-A ECMO).Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane central register were searched for V-A ECMO studies from January 2005 to July 2017. Studies with ≤99 patients or without patie...
Higher human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) proviral load is associated with end-stage kidney disease in Indigenous Australians: Results of a case-control study in central Australia.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY - 01 Oct 2019
Case series suggest that human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with kidney disease; however, little is known about the impact of proviral load (PVL). The present study was commenced to determine whether higher HTLV-1 PVL is associated with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) in Indigenous Australians. A case-control study was conducted in Alice Springs Hospital (ASH), 1 July 20...
Cognitive Function of Elderly Persons in Japanese Neighborhoods: The Role of Street Layout.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND OTHER DEMENTIAS - 01 Sep 2019
The aims of this study were to examine (a) associations of two metric and space syntax measures of street layout with the cognitive function of Japanese older adults and (b) the extent to which objectively assessed physical activity mediated such associations.Cross-sectional data from 277 older adults who lived in Japan were used. Street layout attributes were objectively calculated for each pa...
Future of Echocardiography in Australia.
HEART, LUNG & CIRCULATION - 01 Sep 2019
Within trial cost-utility analysis of disease management program for patients hospitalized with atrial fibrillation: results from the SAFETY trial.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ECONOMICS - 01 Sep 2019
The potential impact of disease management to optimize quality of care, health outcomes, and total healthcare costs across a range of cardiac disease states is unknown. A trial-based cost-utility analysis was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial of 335 patients with chronic, non-valvular AF (without heart failure; the SAFETY Trial) discharged to home from three tertiary referral h...
Differential plasma postprandial lipidomic responses to krill oil and fish oil supplementations in women: A randomized crossover study.
NUTRITION (BURBANK, LOS ANGELES COUNTY, CALIF.) - 01 Sep 2019
There is no convincing evidence that krill oil (KO) consumption results in a higher incorporation of long chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids into blood lipid fractions than fish oil (FO). This study examined the postprandial plasma lipidomic responses to KO supplementation compared with FO supplementation in healthy women.Ten women (aged 18-45 y) consumed a high-fat (15 g of olive oil) break...
A metabolic profile of all-cause mortality risk identified in an observational study of 44,168 individuals.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS - 20 Aug 2019
Predicting longer-term mortality risk requires collection of clinical data, which is often cumbersome. Therefore, we use a well-standardized metabolomics platform to identify metabolic predictors of long-term mortality in the circulation of 44,168 individuals (age at baseline 18-109), of whom 5512 died during follow-up. We apply a stepwise (forward-backward) procedure based on meta-analysis res...
Effects of sympathetic modulation in metabolic disease.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - 19 Aug 2019
Sympathetic overdrive contributes to the derangement of glucose metabolism evident in clinical conditions, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, and others. Targeting the sympathetic nervous system directly therefore appears as an attractive therapeutic approach to restore impaired glucose metabolism. Indeed, lifestyle interventions, including healthier ...
Which cancer survivors are at risk for a physically inactive and sedentary lifestyle? Results from pooled accelerometer data of 1447 cancer survivors.
THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY - 16 Aug 2019
Physical activity has beneficial effects on the health of cancer survivors. We aimed to investigate accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary time in cancer survivors, and describe activity profiles. Additionally, we identify demographic and clinical correlates of physical activity, sedentary time and activity profiles.Accelerometer, questionnaire and clinical data from eight studi...
A randomized controlled trial of a wearable technology-based intervention for increasing moderate to vigorous physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in breast cancer survivors: The ACTIVATE Trial.
CANCER - 15 Aug 2019
The benefits of an active lifestyle after a breast cancer diagnosis are well recognized, but the majority of survivors are insufficiently active. The ACTIVATE Trial examined the efficacy of an intervention (use of the Garmin Vivofit 2 activity monitor coupled with a behavioral feedback and goal-setting session and 5 telephone-delivered health coaching sessions) to increase moderate to vigorous ...
Maintenance of physical activity and sedentary behavior change, and physical activity and sedentary behavior change after an abridged intervention: Secondary outcomes from the ACTIVATE Trial.
CANCER - 15 Aug 2019
This brief report examines the maintenance of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior changes approximately 12 weeks after the delivery of the ACTIVATE Trial primary intervention (use of the Garmin Vivofit 2 activity tracker coupled with a behavioral feedback and goal-setting session and 5 telephone-delivered health coaching sessions). We also examine the efficacy o...
Change in Cardiovascular Health and Incident Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose: The Whitehall II Study.
DIABETES CARE - 15 Aug 2019
Most previous studies on cardiovascular health (CVH) and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) have used a single measure of CVH, and none have investigated the association with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). We examined the association between changes in CVH and incident T2D and IFG.Within the Whitehall II study, CVH was examined every 5 years from 1991 to 1993 until 2015 to 2016. Subjects with 0-2,...
Safety, hemodynamic effects and detection of acute xenon inhalation: Rationale for banning xenon from sport.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (BETHESDA, MD. : 1985) - 15 Aug 2019
This study aimed to quantify the sedative effects, detection rates and cardiovascular responses to xenon.On three occasions, participants breathed xenon (FXe 30%, for 20 min; FXe 50% for 5 min; FXe 70% for 2 min) in a non-blinded design. Sedation was monitored by a board certified anesthesiologist. During 70% xenon, participants were also verbally instructed to operate a manual value with time ...
Oxidative stress induced by palmitic acid modulates K2.3 channels in vascular endothelium.Ca
EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH - 12 Aug 2019
Elevated plasma free fatty acids level has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. However, the underlying mechanisms still remain to be defined. Herein, we investigated the effect of palmitic acid (PA), the most abundant saturated fatty acid in the human body, on small-conductance Ca-activated ...
Candidalysin Is Required for Neutrophil Recruitment and Virulence During Systemic Candida albicans Infection.
THE JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES - 11 Aug 2019
Candidalysin is a cytolytic peptide toxin secreted by Candida albicans hyphae and has significantly advanced our understanding of fungal pathogenesis. Candidalysin is critical for mucosal C albicans infections and is known to activate epithelial cells to induce downstream innate immune responses that are associated with protection or immunopathology during oral or vaginal infections. Furthermor...
Trajectories of body mass index in adulthood and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study.
BMJ OPEN - 10 Aug 2019
Limited research has assessed the association between patterns of body mass index (BMI) change across adulthood and mortality. We aimed to identify groups of individuals who followed specific group-based BMI trajectories across adulthood, using weight collected on three occasions and recalled data from early adulthood, and to examine associations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.Pros...
Association between Dietary Intake and Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Prospective Analysis of Data from Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) Using a Quantile Regression Approach.
NUTRIENTS - 09 Aug 2019
Lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) should be accompanied by dietary guidance for cardiovascular risk reduction; however, current evidence suggests sub-optimal dietary behaviors in those on LLT. We examined the associations between the dietary intake of key food groups (vegetables, fruit, cereal, protein, and dairy) and LLT use in Australian adults using quantile regression. We used data from the Aust...
Adipocyte specific deletion of IL-6 does not attenuate obesity-induced weight gain or glucose intolerance in mice.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY. ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM - 06 Aug 2019
It has been suggested that interleukin-6 (IL-6) produced by adipocytes in obesity leads to liver insulin resistance, although this hypothesis has never been definitively tested. Accordingly, we did so by generating adipocyte specific IL-6 deficient (AdipoIL-6) mice and studying them in the context of diet-induced and genetic obesity.-/-Mice carrying 2 floxed alleles of IL-6 (C57Bl/6J) were cros...
Tactile sensory channels over-ruled by frequency decoding system that utilizes spike pattern regardless of receptor type.
ELIFE - 06 Aug 2019
The established view is that vibrotactile stimuli evoke two qualitatively distinctive cutaneous sensations, flutter (frequencies < 60 Hz) and vibratory hum (frequencies > 60 Hz), subserved by two distinct receptor types (Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscle, respectively), which may engage different neural processing pathways or channels and fulfil quite different biological roles. In psychologica...
Towards clinical utility of polygenic risk scores.
HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS - 21 Nov 2019
Prediction of disease risk is an essential part of preventative medicine, often guiding clinical management. Risk prediction typically includes risk factors such as age, sex, family history of disease and lifestyle (e.g. smoking status); however, in recent years, there has been increasing interest to include genomic information into risk models. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) aggregate the effects...
