We evaluated variation in treatment for, and outcomes following, myocardial infarction (MI) by diabetes status, sex and socioeconomic disadvantage.We included all people aged ≥30 years who were discharged alive from hospital following MI between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2017 in Victoria, Australia (n=43 272). We assessed receipt of inpatient procedures and discharge dispensing of cardioprotectiv...

Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism in the liver and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) promotes atherosclerosis development. Previously, it has been shown that HMG-CoA-Reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, can be phosphorylated and inactivated by the metabolic stress sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, the physiological signifi...

Influential guidelines currently define hypertension at different thresholds of blood pressure (BP). The global May Measurement Month initiative provides a unique opportunity to estimate the potential consequences of universal lowering of BP thresholds on the prevalence of hypertension based on a large, real-world, patient-level data set.The average of the second and third of 3 attended BP read...

Little data exists on electrogram sensing in current generation of miniaturized insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs).To compare the sensing capability of ICM with different vector length: Medtronic Reveal LINQ (~40 mm) vs. Biotronik Biomonitor III (BM-III, ~70 mm).De-identified remote monitoring transmissions from n = 40 patients with BM-III were compared with n = 80 gender and body mass index (B...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a national health priority. Its rising prevalence is accompanied by a high burden of diabetes-related complications, many of which are preventable. Numerous glucose-lowering medications have been developed in recent years with growing evidence relating to their efficacy and safety. These advances have increased the complexity of prescribing decisions in T2D.This review ...

Large 'omics studies are of particular interest to population and clinical research as they allow elucidation of biological pathways that are often out of reach of other methodologies. Typically, these information rich datasets are produced from multiple coordinated profiling studies that may include lipidomics, metabolomics, proteomics or other strategies to generate high dimensional data. In ...

Differences in accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior and different physical activity (PA) intensities between men and women have been poorly described. The authors examined gender differences in time-use activity composition and total volume of PA.A cross-sectional mail survey was conducted from 2013 to 2015 with a randomized sample of 6000 middle-aged (40-64 y) community-dwelling Japanese ...

Non-communicable diseases continue to increase globally and have their origins early in life. Early life obesity tracks from childhood to adulthood, is associated with obesity, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction, and predicts non-communicable disease risk in later life. There is mounting evidence that these factors are more prevalent in infants who are formula-fed compared to those who are...

Atherosclerosis and its complications are major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and death. Apart from risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia and inflammation, the causal molecular mechanisms are unknown. One proposed causal mechanism involves elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Indeed, early expression of the ROS forming NADPH oxidase type 5 (Nox5) in vascular endothelial ce...

It is unknown if and how children's movement behaviour accumulation patterns change as a result of physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour interventions. It is important to establish the effectiveness of interventions targeting changes in such accumulation patterns. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the Transform-Us! school- and home-based intervention program on children's mov...

Findings that certain infections induce immunity not only against the causing agent, but also against an unrelated pathogen have intrigued investigators for many years. Recently, underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon have started to come to light. It was found that the key cells responsible for heterologous protection are innate immune cells such as natural killer cells (NKs), dendritic cell...

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2Is) reduce heart failure (HF) hospitalizations and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in general type 2 diabetes populations. The objective of this study was to determine whether SGLT-2Is vs. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is) are associated with reductions in MACE, HF hospitalizations and mortality in frail people with type 2 di...

Circadian challenges such as social and travel jetlag, poor sleep health or undertaking shift-work is becoming increasingly linked to incidences of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and hypertension due to the impact of circadian disruption. Currently, studies that address how such challenges can become specific risk factors for the development of hypertension show inconsistent finding...

CD14 mediates immunological responses to damage-associated message patterns (DAMPs) released from damaged cells during acute myocardial infarction. The cardiac impact of CD14 inhibition following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) remains undefined. This investigation rigorously assessed both early MIR-associated injury and subsequent cardiac damage and dysfunction following selective antibo...

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Recent findings in experimental models have shown that the microRNA miR-132 (mir-132) is an important regulator of liver homeostasis and lipid metabolism. We aimed to assess miR-132 expression in liver and fat tissues of obese individuals and examine its association with blood pressure (BP) and hepatic steatosis. We examined obese individuals undergoing bariatric surgery for weight loss (n = 19...

Exaggerated exercise blood pressure (EEBP) during clinical exercise testing is associated with poor blood pressure (BP) control and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Type-2 diabetes (T2DM) is thought to be associated with increased prevalence of EEBP, but this has never been definitively determined and was the aim of this study.Clinical exercise test records were analyzed from 13 268 people (aged 5...