TransformUs was a four-arm school-based intervention to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour among primary school children. Pedagogical and environmental strategies targeted the classroom, school grounds and family setting. The aims of this study were to evaluate program fidelity, dose, appropriateness, satisfaction and sustainability, and associations between implementatio...

Adrenaline is routinely administered during cardiac arrest resuscitation. Using a novel murine model of cardiac arrest, this study evaluates the effects of adrenaline use on survival and end-organ injury.A total of 58 mice, including cardiac arrest (CA) and sham (SHAM) groups received intravenous potassium chloride either as a bolus (CA) or slow infusion (SHAM), inducing ECG-confirmed asystole ...

The basic attributes of the urban built environment are an important factor affecting mental health. However, research has rarely distinguished objective and perceived built environment characteristics to explore the associations with older adults' mental health. Based on data of 879 respondents aged 60 or older in Dalian, China, we explored the mediating roles of perceived built environmental ...

Large-scale comparative genomics- and population genetic studies generate enormous amounts of polymorphism data in the form of DNA variants. Ultimately, the goal of many of these studies is to associate genetic variants to phenotypes or fitness. We introduce VIVID, an interactive, user-friendly web application that integrates a wide range of approaches for encoding genotypic to phenotypic infor...

Reduced exercise tolerance and fatigue are hallmark features in both breast cancer (BC) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and are associated with decreased physical function and quality of life. This brief review focuses on the mechanisms of exercise intolerance in women with BC across the survivorship continuum and highlights how these disturbances within the oxygen tr...

The environment we live in, and our lifestyle within this environment, can shape our cognitive health. We investigated whether sociodemographic, neighbourhood environment, and lifestyle variables can be used to predict cognitive health status in adults. Cross-sectional data from the AusDiab3 study, an Australian cohort study of adults (34-97 years) ( = 4141) was used. Cognitive function was mea...

There is a dearth of studies on how neighbourhood environmental attributes relate to the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and profiles of MetS components. We examined the associations of interrelated aspects of the neighbourhood environment, including air pollution, with MetS status and profiles of MetS components.We used socio-demographic and MetS-related data from 3681 urban adults who participated ...

To assess whether ambulance offload time influences the risks of death or ambulance re-attendance within 30 days of initial emergency department (ED) presentations by adults with non-traumatic chest pain.Population-based observational cohort study of consecutive presentations by adults with non-traumatic chest pain transported by ambulance to Victorian EDs, 1 January 2015 - 30 June 2019.Adults ...

Periodic breathing (PB) is a cyclical breathing pattern composed of alternating periods of hyperventilation (hyperpnea, HP) and central apnea (CA). Differences in PB phenotypes mainly reside in HP length. Given that respiration modulates muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), which decreases during HP and increases during CA, the net effects of PB on MSNA may critically depend on HP length. ...

Experimental studies demonstrate protective effects of doxycycline on myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. The trial investigated whether doxycycline administered prior to reperfusion in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) reduces infarct size (IS) and ameliorates adverse left ventricular (LV) remodelling.In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled t...

Multiple reproductive factors are associated with stroke. Little is known about the cumulative effects of reproductive factors during a reproductive life course on stroke and its subtypes, especially among female Chinese individuals. The objective of this study was to assess the associations of lifetime cumulative estrogen exposure due to reproductive factors with stroke and its etiologic subty...

Endurance athletes have a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), probably caused by exercise-induced cardiac remodelling. Athletes diagnosed with AF are often advised to reduce the intensity and amount of training but the efficacy of this intervention has not been investigated in endurance athletes with AF. is a two-arm international multicentre randomised (1:1) controlled trial on the e...

The COVID-19 pandemic has added to the pre-existing challenges of diabetes management in many countries. It has accelerated the wider use of digital health solutions which have tremendous potential to improve health outcomes for people with diabetes. However, little is known about the attributes and the implementation of these solutions.To identify and describe digital health solutions for comm...

Aberrant phase separation of globular proteins is associated with many diseases. Here, we use a model protein system to understand how the unfolded states of globular proteins drive phase separation and the formation of unfolded protein deposits (UPODs). We find that for UPODs to form, the concentrations of unfolded molecules must be above a threshold value. Additionally, unfolded molecules mus...

To contextualize obesity rates in young sudden cardiac death (SCD) against the age-matched national population, and identify clinical and pathologic features in WHO class II and III obesity.A prospective state-wide out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry included all SCDs in Victoria, Australia from 2019-2021. Body mass indices (BMIs) of patients 18-50 years were compared to age-referenced gene...

Defibrillation guidelines recommend avoiding patient contact during shock delivery. However, hands-on defibrillation (compressions during shock) and manual pressure augmentation (MPA - pushing on the defibrillator pads during shock) may lead to improved clinical outcomes. There are limited data addressing the protection provided by personal protective equipment (PPE) during hands-on defibrillat...

To determine age-matched death rates of current and retired elite male Australian football players (Australian and/or Victorian Football League) with the general population.Analysis of publicly-available birth, debut and death data for all Australian Victorian Football/Victorian Football League players who debuted prior to (and were still alive at) the start of 1971 or debuted 1971-2020.Wikiped...

Cardiac screening of elite athletes including a 12‑lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is recommended by numerous international bodies. Current athlete ECG interpretation guidelines recommend the Bazett method to correct the QT interval (QTc).This study sought to investigate normative QTc changes by age using athlete screening ECGs and different QT correction methods in a population of elite cricketer...

Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Australia. While the therapeutic options available for HF remain limited, recent studies have expanded treatment options to include angiotensin-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.The aim of this article is to provide an update on the management of HF for general practitioners (GPs...