While antibodies have been ground-breaking therapeutic agents, the structural determinants for antibody binding specificity remain to be fully elucidated, which is compounded by the virtually unlimited repertoire of antigens they can recognise. Here, we have explored the structural landscapes of antibody-antigen interfaces to identify the structural determinants driving target recognition by as...

With the development of sequencing techniques, the discovery of new proteins significantly exceeds the human capacity and resources for experimentally characterising protein functions. LEGO-CSM is a comprehensive web-based resource that fills this gap by leveraging the well-established and robust graph-based signatures to supervised learning models using both protein sequence and structure info...

There is variability in treatment modalities for premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), including use of antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy or catheter ablation (CA). This study reviewed evidence comparing CA vs AADs for the treatment of PVCs. A systematic review was performed from the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases, as well as the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Reg...

Primary aldosteronism (PA) and oral contraception (OC) can both cause hypertension in young women. However, the effect of OC on the screening test for PA, the aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR), is not clear.We evaluated the impact of OC on the screening test for PA.In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from the female offspring (Gen2) of women enrolled in the Raine Study, a popula...

To describe morbidity and mortality trends of type 2 diabetes in Australia, from 1990 to 2019, compared with similar sociodemographic index (SDI) countries.Australia-specific Global Burden of Diseases data were used to estimate age-standardised, age-specific, and sex-specific rates for prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life years (DAL...

Gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and contain bacterial cargo including nucleic acids and proteins. The proteome of OMVs can be altered by various factors including bacterial growth stage, growth conditions, and environmental factors. However, it is currently unknown if the mechanism of OMV biogenesis can determine their proteome. In this study, we examined whether t...

While suicidal thoughts are relatively common in the general population, roughly affecting one in ten people during their lifetime, the transition from suicidal thoughts to a suicide attempt is rarer. There is limited consensus on the transition rate from suicidal ideation to suicide attempts.To review and summarize evidence on the rate of transition from suicidal ideation to a suicide attempt,...

The aim of this work was to investigate the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) following a pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or pre-existing diabetes among Aboriginal women in the Northern Territory (NT), Australia.We undertook a longitudinal study of linked healthcare datasets. All Aboriginal women who gave birth betwee...

We investigated the association of fasting triglycerides with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.This cohort study included US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1988 to 2014. CVD mortality outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the National Death Index records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence ...

Acute thrombosis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Pharmacological thrombolysis relies on plasminogen activators (PAs), which are associated with major side effects including potentially fatal bleeding. Alternative therapeutic options that do not rely on PAs are urgently required. Here, the efficacy of targeted photothermal therapy is evaluated for thrombolysis using lip...

Abstract e17009 Background: Decreased circulating levels of ether lipids (glycerophospholipids with an ether-linked fatty alcohol, e.g. plasmalogens) have been observed in obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that ether lipids are anti-inflammatory and protective against obesity. A recent landmark study revealed that ether lipids can kill cancer cel...

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is increasingly employed in a variety of clinical settings due to the growing evidence of increased efficacy compared with moderate-intensity exercise for a range of health and physical function and exercise outcomes. In this brief review, we highlight the recent findings from randomized trials, discuss the evidence and rationale for the greater physiolog...

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPX) is essential for the assessment of exercise capacity for patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF). Respiratory gas and hemodynamic parameters such as Ventilatory Efficiency (VE/VCO₂ slope), peak oxygen uptake (peak VO₂), and heart rate recovery are established diagnostic and prognostic markers for clinical populations. Previous studi...

Fatty acids are the building blocks of the entire human milk lipidome; yet, despite years of research, there is little understanding of their importance in early life health and disease. This may be partly due to the way in measurements have been made of fatty acids in the past. Monthly longitudinal human milk samples were collected from eighteen Western Australian mother–infant dyads, during s...

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being^1-6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5-19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 cou...

To describe a usual case of adult-onset T1DM with prolonged honeymoon period for more than 5 years. Repeated mixed meal stimulation tests for a period of 6-12 months together with monitoring pancreatic autoantibodies and laboratory data were followed following the onset of diagnosis. We report a 24-year-old Thai patient with T1DM with sustained remission without antidiabetic medication for more...

Within-visit SBP variability is associated with age and SBP, but its long-term clinical significance is unknown. We examined the association between child, adult, and life-time within-visit SBP variability with markers of end-organ damage using data from a 31-year longitudinal study. Within-visit SBP variability was calculated as the standard deviation of three sitting SBP readings among up to ...