AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: This study aimed to investigate whether variation in long-term glycaemia in type 1 diabetes as measured by HbA1c variability is associated with the cumulative incidence and risk of retinopathy requiring laser treatment. METHODS: The effect of HbA1c variability was assessed in 2,019 Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) study patients. The patients were studied in two partia...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation increases energy consumption and may help in the treatment of obesity. Cold exposure is the main physiological stimulus for BAT thermogenesis and the sympathetic nervous system, which innervates BAT, is essential in this process. However, cold-induced BAT activation is impaired in obese humans. To explore the therapeutic potential of BAT, i...

OBJECTIVE: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a condition where platelet hyperaggregability is commonly present. We examined potential physiological bases for platelet hyperaggregability in a cohort of patients with acute and chronic AF. In particular, we sought to identify the impact of inflammation [myeloperoxidase (MPO) and C-reactive protein (CRP)] and impaired nitric oxide (NO) signaling. MET...

OBJECTIVES: This study estimates type 2 diabetes (T2DM) incidence in Samoans aged 25-64 years from sequential, irregularly spaced, cross-sectional population prevalence surveys. METHODS: T2DM prevalence from eight population surveys conducted over 1978-2013 (n = 12,516) was adjusted for census region, sex, and 5-year age group to the nearest previous census. Annual T2DM incidence was cal...

BACKGROUND: Methyl-dependent regulation of transcription has expanded from a traditional focus on histones to encompass transcription factor modulation. While the Set7 lysine methyltransferase is associated with pro-inflammatory gene expression in vascular endothelial cells, genome-wide regulatory roles remain to be investigated. From initial characterization of Set7 as specific for methyl-l...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the association between change in employment participation for a 12-month period and quality of life among individuals with colorectal cancer compared with general population controls. METHODS: This was a prospective, registry-based study that enrolled middle-aged (45-64 years) residents of Queensland, Australia, who were in the paid workforce, and ...

OBJECTIVES: Few studies have measured the physical activity levels of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) survivors, and no previous studies have measured sedentary behavior levels in this population. This study used accelerometers to measure the physical activity and sedentary time levels of NHL survivors and examined the demographic, behavioral, and medical correlates of these behaviors. METHODS: ...

OBJECTIVE: Evidence suggests that TV viewing is associated with body mass index (BMI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents. However, it is unclear whether dietary intake mediates these relationships. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in adolescents (12-19 years) participating in the 2003-2006 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMI z sc...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional relationship between the expression of norepinephrine transporter (NET), the protein responsible for neuronal uptake-1, and indices of glycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, in overweight and obese individuals. METHODS: Thirteen non-medicated, non-smoking subjects, aged 58 ± 1 years (mean ± standard error of the mean), b...

OBJECTIVE: Because sympathetic nervous system activity plays a detrimental role in metabolic and cardiovascular health, this study compared the effects of a centrally acting sympatholytic agent, the effects of a weight loss (WL) program using a low-calorie diet, and the effects of a combination of both. METHODS: Young (18-30 years) male subjects with overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2 ) were all...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the change in use of hypnotics and/or sedatives after gastric bypass surgery or intensive lifestyle modification in adults with obesity. METHODS: Adults with obesity who underwent gastric bypass surgery or initiated intensive lifestyle modification between 2007 and 2012 were identified through the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry and a Swedish commercial weight...

OBJECTIVE: Examine the mediating role of diet in the relationship between volume and duration of sedentary time with cardiometabolic health in adolescents. METHODS: Adolescents (12-19 years) participating in the 2003/04 and 2005/06 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were examined. Cardiometabolic health indicators were body mass index z-scores (zBMI) (n = 1,79...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Mongolian adults during the past decade as measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). METHODS: Data from the repeated cross-sectional surveys on the prevalence of noncommunicable disease risk factors conducted in 2005, 2009, and 2013 in Mongolia were used. Linear regression was used to qua...

OBJECTIVE: Alterations in lipids in muscle and plasma have been documented in insulin-resistant people with obesity. Whether these lipid alterations are a reflection of insulin resistance or obesity remains unclear. METHODS: Nondiabetic sedentary individuals not treated with lipid-lowering medications were studied (n = 51). Subjects with body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m(2) (n = 28) were strat...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of mortality associated with and quantify the deaths attributable to combinations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). METHODS: This study included 41,439 participants. For the hazard ratio (HR) calculation, adiposity categories were defined as: BMI(N) /WC(N) , BMI(N) /WC(O) , BMI(O) /WC(N) , and BMI(O) /WC(O) (N = non-obese, O = obese)....

OBJECTIVE: Adipose inflammation and dysfunction underlie metabolic obesity. Exercise improves glycemic control and metabolic indices, but effects on adipose function and inflammation are less clear. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that exercise improves adipose morphometry to reduce adipose inflammation in hyperphagic obese mice. METHODS: Alms1 mutant foz/foz mice housed in pairs were f...

OBJECTIVE: Emerging evidence suggests female type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients may fare worse than males with respect to cardiovascular complications. Hence the impact of sex on relative progression of left ventricular (LV) remodeling in obese db/db mice was characterized. METHODS: The changes in parameters of LV hypertrophy (heart weight, pro-hypertrophic gene expression, cardiomyocyte size) ...

OBJECTIVE: To relate measured obesity duration in mid-life with subsequent incidence of physical disability over and above body mass index (BMI) attained. METHODS: Framingham Offspring Study is a longitudinal study that began in 1971. Examination 5 (1991-1995; "baseline") and disability onset ascertained from examinations 6-8 (2008) were used. About 2,095 disability-free participants aged 45...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent to which characteristics of the neighborhood built environment explain the association between adiposity and educational qualifications in Australian women. METHODS: A community sample of 1,819 women (aged 18-66) from the Melbourne SESAW study provided information regarding their body mass index (BMI) and level of education. Objective measures of participants...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the changes in weight and waist circumference (WC), examine the incidence of obesity as defined by body mass index (BMI) and WC, and describe the changes in the prevalence of obesity over 12 years. METHODS: In 1999/2000, 11,247 adults aged ≥25 years were recruited from 42 randomly selected areas across Australia. In total, 44.6% of eligible participant...