Publications
Now showing items 5261-5280 of 5385 records
Standard versus atrial fibrillation-specific management strategy (SAFETY) to reduce recurrent admission and prolong survival: pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial
METABOLOMICS - 15 Dec 2015
BACKGROUND:
Patients are increasingly being admitted with chronic atrial fibrillation, and disease-specific management might reduce recurrent admissions and prolong survival. However, evidence is scant to support the application of this therapeutic approach. We aimed to assess SAFETY--a management strategy that is specific to atrial fibrillation.
METHODS:
We did a pragmatic, multicentre, ran...
Percutaneous renal denervation in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension: final 3-year report of the Symplicity HTN-1 study
METABOLOMICS - 12 Mar 2014
BACKGROUND:
Renal denervation (RDN) with radiofrequency ablation substantially reduces blood pressure in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension. We assessed the long-term antihypertensive effects and safety.
METHODS:
Symplicity HTN-1 is an open-label study that enrolled 153 patients, of whom 111 consented to follow-up for 36 months. Eligible patients had a systolic blood pressure of ...
Initiating and maintaining recreational walking: a longitudinal study on the influence of neighborhood green space
PREV MED - 01 Sep 2013
OBJECTIVE: This study examined prospective relationships of green space attributes with adults initiating or maintaining recreational walking.
METHODS: Postal surveys were completed by 1036 adults living in Adelaide, Australia, at baseline (two time points in 2003-04) and follow-up (2007-08). Initiating or maintaining recreational walking was determined using self-reported walking frequency. G...
Reducing sitting time in office workers: short-term efficacy of a multicomponent intervention
PREV MED - 01 Jul 2013
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the short-term efficacy of a multicomponent intervention to reduce office workers' sitting time.
METHODS:
Allocation for this non-randomized controlled trial (n=43 participants; 56% women; 26-62 years; Melbourne, Australia) was by office floor, with data collected during July-September 2011. The 4-week intervention emphasized three key messages: "Stand Up, Sit Less,...
A new set of risk equations for predicting long term risk of all-cause mortality using cardiovascular risk factors
PREV MED - 01 Jan 2013
OBJECTIVES: As population ages and treatment for cardiovascular disease improves the risk of all-cause mortality has become a more meaningful outcome. We develop all-cause mortality equations for predicting long term risk using cardiovascular risk factors.
METHODS: The 24-year risk of all-cause mortality was evaluated using Cox model for participants aged 40-81 years at the 10th or 11th examin...
Prolonged sitting in cars: prevalence, socio-demographic variations, and trends
PREV MED - 01 Oct 2012
BACKGROUND:
Prolonged sitting is detrimentally associated with health outcomes. However, the prevalence and characteristics of those who sit in cars for long periods are not well understood. This study examined the population prevalence, socio-demographic variations, and trends for prolonged sitting in cars among adults.
METHODS:
Using the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Area Household Travel Su...
Septin 7 reduces nonmuscle myosin IIA activity in the SNAP23 complex and hinders GLUT4 storage vesicle docking and fusion
EXP CELL RES - 15 Jan 2017
Glomerular epithelial cells, podocytes, are insulin responsive and can develop insulin resistance. Here, we demonstrate that the small GTPase septin 7 forms a complex with nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMHC-IIA; encoded by MYH9), a component of the nonmuscle myosin IIA (NM-IIA) hexameric complex. We observed that knockdown of NMHC-IIA decreases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into podocyt...
The end of the Australia antigen? An ecological study of the impact of universal newborn hepatitis B vaccination two decades on
VACCINE - 26 Nov 2012
BACKGROUND: A universal newborn hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination program was introduced in the Northern Territory of Australia in 1990, followed by a school-based catch-up program. We evaluated the prevalence of hepatitis B infection in birthing women up to 20 years after vaccination and compared this to women born before the programs commenced.
METHODS: A cohort of birthing mothers was defined f...
Low-flow hypothermic crystalloid perfusion is superior to cold storage during prolonged heart preservation
TRANSPLANT PROC - 01 Dec 2014
BACKGROUND:
Preservation of donor hearts for transplantation has traditionally been performed with the use of static cold storage. We have developed and tested a novel gravity-powered system of cold crystalloid perfusion for prolonged donor heart preservation.
METHODS:
Greyhounds were anesthetized; their hearts were arrested with cold cardioplegic solution and excised. Hearts were allocated ...
Serial changes of mean platelet volume in relation to Killip Class in patients with acute myocardial infarction and primary percutaneous coronary intervention
THROMB RES - 01 Apr 2015
INTRODUCTION:
Mean platelet volume (MPV) is related to the reactivity of platelets. Among survivors of acute myocardial infarction (MI), greater MPV is known to be associated with impaired reperfusion and higher mortality. The aims of the study is to investigate the dynamic changes of MPV and the relation between MPV and cardiac function in patients with acute MI and received primary percuta...
Molecular profiling of human mammary gland links breast cancer risk to a p27(+) cell population with progenitor characteristics
CELL STEM CELL - 03 Jul 2013
Early full-term pregnancy is one of the most effective natural protections against breast cancer. To investigate this effect, we have characterized the global gene expression and epigenetic profiles of multiple cell types from normal breast tissue of nulliparous and parous women and carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. We found significant differences in CD44(+) progenitor cells, where the lev...
Fat infiltration of paraspinal muscles is associated with low back pain, disability, and structural abnormalities in community-based adults
SPINE J - 01 Jul 2015
BACKGROUND CONTEXT:
Low back pain and disability are major public health problems and may be related to paraspinal muscle abnormalities, such as a reduction in muscle size and muscle fat content.
PURPOSE:
The aim of this study was to examine the associations between paraspinal muscle size and fat content with lumbar spine symptoms and structure.
STUDY DESIGN/SETTING:
This was a community-b...
Leg to leg bioelectrical impedance analysis of percentage fat mass in obese patients-can it tell us more than we already know?
SURG OBES RELAT DIS - 01 Aug 2016
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is well tolerated, inexpensive, and readily available, but can it be used to detect with clinical precision aberrant changes in the proportion of fat mass to fat-free mass during weight loss?
OBJECTIVES:
To assess the variance in percentage body fat mass explained by the readily available inputs and assess residual variance provided by leg-to-leg BIA s...
Regional differences in the coverage and uptake of bariatric-metabolic surgery: a focus on type 2 diabetes
SURG OBES RELAT DIS - 01 Jul 2016
BACKGROUND:
There is high-quality evidence that bariatric-metabolic surgery (BMS) generates positive health outcomes in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
OBJECTIVES:
To understand the regional variations in the coverage and uptake of BMS, with a focus on T2D.
SETTING:
An Australian diabetes research institute.
METHODS:
A survey was conducted via a questionnaires se...
An investigation of the neural mechanisms underlying the efficacy of the adjustable gastric band
SURG OBES RELAT DIS - 01 May 2016
BACKGROUND:
The mechanisms via which adjustable gastric band (AGB) surgery provides effective and durable weight loss remain unclear.
OBJECTIVES:
This study defines the role of sensory vagal fibers in the efficacy of the adjustable gastric banding using capsaicin to eliminate unmyelinated afferent fibers in the vagus nerve in a rodent model.
SETTING:
University.
METHODS:
A miniat...
Associations of surgical and nonsurgical weight loss with knee musculature: a cohort study of obese adults
SURG OBES RELAT DIS - 01 Jan 2016
BACKGROUND:
Marked weight loss reduces lean body mass and quadriceps thickness. It is unclear whether muscle loss varies according to the method of weight loss.
OBJECTIVE:
This study compared the association of surgical versus nonsurgical weight loss with change in vastus medialis (VM) properties in obese adults.
METHODS:
Twenty obese patients (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) who lost ...
Exploration of esophageal hiatus: does crural repair reduce proximal pouch distension?
SURG OBES RELAT DIS - 01 Jan 2001
BACKGROUND:
Repair of a hiatal hernia during laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is advisable; however, the practice of more active esophageal hiatus exploration and repair has been promoted with an expectation of reducing proximal gastric pouch distension (PPD). Our objective was to explore the relationship between crural exploration and repair (CR) and PPD in a private practice in Canada...
Pneumocystis jirovecci pneumonia in connective tissue diseases: comparison with other immunocompromised patients
SEMIN ARTHRITIS RHEUM - 01 Aug 2015
INTRODUCTION:
Pneumocystis jirovecci pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic fungal infection occurring in immunocompromised patients, such as those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), organ transplantation, malignancies and connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Risk factors for PJP are not well characterised, leading to uncertainty regarding the indications for antimicrobial prophylaxis and m...
Rapid clozapine dose titration and concomitant sodium valproate increase the risk of myocarditis with clozapine: a case-control study
SCHIZOPHR RES - 01 Nov 2012
BACKGROUND: Despite the implementation of cardiac monitoring guidelines, clozapine-induced myocarditis continues to cause deaths in Australia, and the risk is a barrier to prescription of this effective drug for the treatment of schizophrenia. This study was designed to identify clinical and phenotypic risk factors for clozapine-induced myocarditis.
METHOD: Possible cases of clozapine related ...
Exploring which patients without return of spontaneous circulation following ventricular fibrillation out-of-hospital cardiac arrest should be transported to hospital?
RESUSCITATION - 01 Mar 2014
BACKGROUND:
Currently many emergency medical services (EMS) that provide advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) at scene do not routinely transport out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients without sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). This is due to logistical difficulties and historical poor outcomes. However, new technology for mechanical chest compression has made transpor...
