Publications
Now showing items 4981-5000 of 5385 records
The association between socio-economic position and diet quality in Australian adults
PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR - 01 Feb 2016
OBJECTIVE:
We aimed to investigate the association between multiple measures of socio-economic position (SEP) and diet quality, using a diet quality index representing current national dietary guidelines, in the Australian adult population.
DESIGN:
Cross-sectional study. Linear regression analyses were used to estimate the association between indicators of SEP (educational attainment, level ...
Predictors of increased body weight and waist circumference for middle-aged adults
PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR - 01 May 2014
OBJECTIVE:
To identify predictors of increased adiposity for different measures of adiposity.
DESIGN:
Prospective cohort study, the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS), with data at baseline (1990-1994) and wave 2 (2003-2007).
SETTING:
Participants recruited from the community.
SUBJECTS:
Australian-born participants (n 5879) aged 40 to 69 years who were not current smokers and wh...
Addressing physical inactivity in Omani adults: perceptions of public health managers
PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR - 01 Mar 2014
OBJECTIVE:
To explore barriers and solutions to addressing physical inactivity and prolonged sitting in the adult population of Oman.
DESIGN:
Qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews that took place from October 2011 to January 2012. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Data collection and analysis was an iterative process; later interviews explored emerging ...
Correlates of Omani adults' physical inactivity and sitting time
PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR - 01 Jan 2013
OBJECTIVE:
To inform public health approaches for chronic disease prevention, the present study identified sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural correlates of work, transport and leisure physical inactivity and sitting time among adults in Oman.
DESIGN:
Cross-sectional study using the WHO STEPwise study methodology.
SETTING:
Sur City, Oman.
SUBJECTS:
Men and women aged 20 year...
The association between dairy food intake and the incidence of diabetes in Australia: the Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab)
PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR - 01 Feb 2013
OBJECTIVE:
Several studies have suggested that dairy food may reduce the risk of obesity and metabolic abnormalities but few have been able to conclusively demonstrate that it reduces the risk of diabetes. The aim of the present analysis was to investigate if dairy food intake independently reduces the risk of diabetes.
DESIGN:
The Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) is...
Examination of the association between mental health, morbidity, and mortality in late life: findings from longitudinal community surveys
INT PSYCHOGERIATR - 01 May 2015
BACKGROUND:
Physical health has been demonstrated to mediate the mental health and mortality risk association. The current study examines an alternative hypothesis that mental health mediates the effect of physical health on mortality risk.
METHODS:
Participants (N = 14,019; women = 91%), including eventual decedents (n = 3,752), were aged 70 years and older, and drawn from the Dynamic Analy...
DHA mediates the protective effect of fish consumption on new episodes of depression among women
BR J NUTR - 01 Nov 2017
In a longitudinal cohort study of young Australian adults, we reported that for women higher baseline levels of fish consumption were associated with reduced incidence of new depressive episodes during the 5-year follow-up. Fish are high in both n-3 fatty acids and tyrosine. In this study, we seek to determine whether n-3 fatty acids or tyrosine explain the observed association. During 2004-200...
Effects of progressive resistance training combined with a protein-enriched lean red meat diet on health-related quality of life in elderly women: secondary analysis of a 4-month cluster randomised controlled trial
BR J NUTR - 01 Jun 2017
Resistance training (RT) and increased dietary protein are recommended to attenuate age-related muscle loss in the elderly. This study examined the effect of a lean red meat protein-enriched diet combined with progressive resistance training (RT+Meat) on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in elderly women. In this 4-month cluster randomised controlled trial, 100 women aged 60-90 years (mea...
The association between macronutrient intake and the metabolic syndrome and its components in type 1 diabetes
BR J NUTR - 01 Feb 2017
Diet is a major modifiable lifestyle factor that may affect the components of the metabolic syndrome. We aimed to investigate the association between relative proportions of macronutrients and the components of the metabolic syndrome in a population of individuals with type 1 diabetes. In all, 791 individuals without nephropathy, with plausible energy intake and known metabolic syndrome status,...
Effects of vitamin E, vitamin C and polyphenols on the rate of blood pressure variation: results of two randomised controlled trials
BR J NUTR - 14 Nov 2014
High blood pressure (BP) variability, which may be an important determinant of hypertensive end-organ damage, is emerging as an important predictor of cardiovascular health. Dietary antioxidants can influence BP, but their effects on variability are yet to be investigated. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of vitamin E, vitamin C and polyphenols on the rate of daytime and n...
Metabolic benefits of dietary prebiotics in human subjects: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
BR J NUTR - 14 Apr 2014
Complex relationships exist between the gut microflora and their human hosts. Emerging evidence suggests that bacterial dysbiosis within the colon may be involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and CVD. The use of dietary prebiotic supplements to restore an optimal balance of intestinal flora may positively affect host metabolism, representing a potential treatme...
Effects of low-fat or full-fat fermented and non-fermented dairy foods on selected cardiovascular biomarkers in overweight adults
BR J NUTR - 01 Dec 2013
The association between consumption of full-fat dairy foods and CVD may depend partly on the nature of products and may not apply to low-fat dairy foods. Increased circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers after consumption of dairy product-rich meals suggest an association with CVD. In the present study, we tested the effects of low-fat and full-fat dairy diets on biomarkers associated wit...
Potential candidates for a structured Canadian ECPR program for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
CAN J EMERG MED - 01 Nov 2016
OBJECTIVE:
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), while resource-intensive, may improve outcomes in selected patients with refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We sought to identify patients who fulfilled a set of ECPR criteria in order to estimate: (1) the proportion of patients with refractory cardiac arrest who may have benefited from ECPR; and (2) the outcomes ...
Laboratory-based and office-based risk scores and charts to predict 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in 182 countries: a pooled analysis of prospective cohorts and health surveys
LANCET DIABETES ENDOCRINOL - 07 Mar 2017
BACKGROUND:
Worldwide implementation of risk-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention requires risk prediction tools that are contemporarily recalibrated for the target country and can be used where laboratory measurements are unavailable. We present two cardiovascular risk scores, with and without laboratory-based measurements, and the corresponding risk charts for 182 countries to pre...
Long-term outcomes of bariatric surgery in adolescents with severe obesity (FABS-5+): a prospective follow-up analysis
LANCET DIABETES ENDOCRINOL - 09 Nov 2017
BACKGROUND:
Little is known about the long-term outcomes of bariatric surgery for severe adolescent obesity, raising questions about the durability of early responses to surgery. We aimed to analyse long-term (>5 years) outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in a cohort of young adults who had undergone the operation during adolescence, in the Follow-up of Adolescent Bariatric Surgery at 5 Plu...
Health-care costs over 15 years after bariatric surgery for patients with different baseline glucose status: results from the Swedish Obese Subjects study
LANCET DIABETES ENDOCRINOL - 07 Jun 2016
BACKGROUND:
Bariatric surgery prevents and induces remission of type 2 diabetes in many patients. The effect of preoperative glucose status on long-term health-care costs is unknown. We aimed to assess health-care costs over 15 years for patients with obesity treated conventionally or with bariatric surgery and who had either euglycaemia, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes before intervention.
...
Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331,288 participants
LANCET DIABETES ENDOCRINOL - 21 Jan 2016
BACKGROUND:
Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA1c. We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having dia...
Epigenome-wide association of DNA methylation markers in peripheral blood from Indian Asians and Europeans with incident type 2 diabetes: a nested case-control study
LANCET DIABETES ENDOCRINOL - 16 Dec 2015
BACKGROUND:
Indian Asians, who make up a quarter of the world's population, are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether DNA methylation is associated with future type 2 diabetes incidence in Indian Asians and whether differences in methylation patterns between Indian Asians and Europeans are associated with, and could be used to predict, differences in the magnitude...
A novel risk score to predict cardiovascular disease risk in national populations (Globorisk): a pooled analysis of prospective cohorts and health examination surveys
LANCET DIABETES ENDOCRINOL - 10 Dec 2015
BACKGROUND:
Treatment of cardiovascular risk factors based on disease risk depends on valid risk prediction equations. We aimed to develop, and apply in example countries, a risk prediction equation for cardiovascular disease (consisting here of coronary heart disease and stroke) that can be recalibrated and updated for application in different countries with routinely available information.
...
Multidisciplinary diabetes care with and without bariatric surgery in overweight people: a randomised controlled trial
LANCET DIABETES ENDOCRINOL - 13 Oct 2015
BACKGROUND:
Bariatric surgery improves glycaemia in obese people with type 2 diabetes, but its effects are uncertain in overweight people with this disease. We aimed to identify whether laparoscopic adjustable gastric band surgery can improve glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes who were overweight but not obese.
METHODS:
We did an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled ...
