OBJECTIVE: Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein suggested to be a player in the arterial disease of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, its role for complications in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unknown. We therefore investigated the associations between OPN and diabetic vascular complications and all-cause mortality in patients with T1D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Se...

OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the relationship among soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGEs), the clinical phenotype, HLA genotype, and risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AGER gene in a large population of Finnish children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Samples from 2,115 clinically phenotyped children <15 year...

OBJECTIVE: To study the ability of lipid variables to predict incident coronary artery disease (CAD) events in patients with type 1 diabetes at different stages of nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients (n = 3,520) with type 1 diabetes and available lipid profiles participating in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane) were included in the study. During a follow-u...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a telephone-delivered behavioral weight loss and physical activity intervention targeting Australian primary care patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Pragmatic randomized controlled trial of telephone counseling (n = 151) versus usual care (n = 151). Reported here are 18-month (end-of-intervention) and 24-month (maintenance) p...

OBJECTIVE To assess blood pressure (BP) control, antihypertensive treatment, and prevalence of resistant hypertension (RH) in patients with type 1 diabetes stratified by stage of diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included a nationally representative cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes (N = 3,678) from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDia...

OBJECTIVE High-heat cooking of food induces the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are thought to impair glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients. High intake of fructose might additionally affect endogenous formation of AGEs. This parallel intervention study investigated whether the addition of fructose or cooking methods influencing the AGE content of food affect...

OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes is associated with a markedly increased risk of stroke, but only a few studies on the incidence of stroke in type 1 diabetes exist. Therefore, we assessed the incidence of stroke in patients with type 1 diabetes and studied the impact of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and severe diabetic retinopathy (SDR) on this risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 4,083 patients w...

OBJECTIVE To study whether ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) depends on the age at onset of diabetes and whether this effect is sex specific. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study examined long-term IHD-specific mortality in a Finnish population-based cohort of patients with early-onset (0-14 years) and late-onset (15-29 years) T1D (n = 17,306). RE...

OBJECTIVE Preclinical data suggest that linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, may lower urinary albumin excretion. The ability of linagliptin to lower albuminuria on top of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibition in humans was analyzed by pooling data from four similarly designed, 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trials. RESEARCH DESIGN ...

OBJECTIVE To estimate for the first time the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using the nationwide Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study cohort of 4,083 patients with type 1 diabetes (mean age of 37.4 ± 11.8 years at enrollment), we analyzed the incidence of first-ever SAH events. RESULTS During the follow-up time of 36,680 pers...

OBJECTIVE: Effective interventions to prevent, delay, or remit diabetes are currently available. However, their impact on the prevalence of diabetes at the population level is unknown. This study aimed to estimate the impact of a range of diabetes interventions on the population prevalence of diabetes for Australian adults between 2010 and 2025. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used the Austr...

OBJECTIVE: Hypoxia may cause functional autonomic imbalance in diabetes. Intermittent hypoxia (IH), a technique improving the adaptation to hypoxia, might improve cardiorespiratory reflexes and, ultimately, blood glucose concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes. We tested whether a single bout of IH could initiate a long-lasting response potentially leading to better adaptation to hypox...

OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether television (TV) viewing and low leisure-time physical activity in adolescence predict the metabolic syndrome in mid-adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: TV viewing habits and participation in leisure-time physical activity at age 16 years were assessed by self-administered questionnaires in a population-based cohort in Northern Sweden. The presence of th...

OBJECTIVE: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has mainly been considered a glomerular disease, although tubular dysfunction may also play a role. This study assessed the predictive value for progression of a tubular marker, urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), at all stages of DN. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: At baseline, 1,549 patients with type 1 diabetes had an albumin excretion...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether glucose-independent differences in HbA1c exist between people of African, South Asian, and Chinese ethnicities. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data from 6,701 people aged 19-78 years, without known diabetes, from Mauritius, and participating in the population-based Non-Communicable Disease Surveys of the main island and the island of Rodrigues were included. Par...

OBJECTIVE: To create surveillance algorithms to detect diabetes and classify type 1 versus type 2 diabetes using structured electronic health record (EHR) data. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We extracted 4 years of data from the EHR of a large, multisite, multispecialty ambulatory practice serving ∼700,000 patients. We flagged possible cases of diabetes using laboratory test results, diagnosi...

OBJECTIVE: To find clinically meaningful preoperative predictors of diabetes remission and conversely inadequate glycemic control after gastric bypass surgery. Predicting the improvement in glycemic control in those with type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery may help in patient selection. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Preoperative details of 154 ethnic Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes we...

OBJECTIVE: Observational studies show breaking up prolonged sitting has beneficial associations with cardiometabolic risk markers, but intervention studies are required to investigate causality. We examined the acute effects on postprandial glucose and insulin levels of uninterrupted sitting compared with sitting interrupted by brief bouts of light- or moderate-intensity walking. RESEARCH D...

The members of the BCL-2 family are crucial regulators of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in normal physiology and disease. Besides their role in cell death, BCL-2 proteins have been implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cellular metabolism. It remains unclear, however, whether these proteins have a physiological role in glucose homeostasis and metab...

NADPH oxidase-derived excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidney plays a key role in mediating renal injury in diabetes. Pathological changes in diabetes include mesangial expansion and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to glomerulosclerosis. There is a paucity of data about the role of the Nox5 isoform of NADPH oxidase in animal models of diabetic neph...