Publications
Now showing items 3621-3640 of 5702 records
Disentangling the genetic overlap between cholesterol and suicide risk.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY - 01 Dec 2018
Suicide is major public health concern; one million individuals worldwide die by suicide each year of which there are many more attempts. Thus, it is imperative that robust and reliable indicators, or biomarkers, of suicide risk be identified so that individuals at risk can be identified and provided appropriate interventions as quickly as possible. Previous work has revealed a relationship bet...
Endothelial function and dysfunction: Impact of metformin.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS - 01 Dec 2018
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction is a key player in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Current evidence suggests that the anti-diabetic drug metformin improves insulin resistance and protects against endothelial dysfunction in the vasculature. Hereby, we provide a ti...
Brown adipose tissue and lipid metabolism: New strategies for identification of activators and biomarkers with clinical potential.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS - 01 Dec 2018
Development of therapeutic agents directed towards increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) energy expenditure to combat obesity and its comorbidities is currently an area of intense research. Both preclinical and clinical studies have suggested a potentially significant role for BAT in regulating whole body energy expenditure as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. Lipids, particularly long chai...
Blood pressure reactivity at onset of mental stress determines sympathetic vascular response in young adults.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS - 01 Dec 2018
We have previously shown in young males that the rate of rise in blood pressure (BP) at the onset of mental stress determines whether or not muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) has a role in driving the pressor response. The aim of this study was to investigate these interactions in young females. BP and MSNA were recorded continuously in 19 females and 21 males during 2-min mental stresso...
Characterising risk of in-hospital mortality following cardiac arrest using machine learning: A retrospective international registry study.
PLOS MEDICINE - 01 Nov 2018
Resuscitated cardiac arrest is associated with high mortality; however, the ability to estimate risk of adverse outcomes using existing illness severity scores is limited. Using in-hospital data available within the first 24 hours of admission, we aimed to develop more accurate models of risk prediction using both logistic regression (LR) and machine learning (ML) techniques, with a combination...
Mental health-related emergency department presentations and hospital admissions in a cohort of urban Aboriginal children and adolescents in New South Wales, Australia: findings from SEARCH.
BMJ OPEN - 28 Nov 2018
The aim of the current study is to quantify mental health-related emergency department (ED) presentations and hospitalisations, and associated child and family characteristics, in children recruited through four Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations.Four Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services that deliver primary care. All services were located in urban or large regional...
Metabolomic Consequences of Genetic Inhibition of PCSK9 Compared With Statin Treatment
CIRCULATION - 27 Nov 2018
Both statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/
kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors lower blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels to reduce risk of cardiovascular events. To assess potential differences between metabolic effects of these 2 lipid-lowering therapies, we performed detailed lipid and metabolite profiling of a large randomized statin trial and compared the results with the e...
Associations of context-specific sitting time with markers of cardiometabolic risk in Australian adults.
THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY - 20 Nov 2018
High volumes of sitting time are associated with an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and with adverse cardiometabolic risk profiles. However, previous studies have predominately evaluated only total sitting or television (TV) viewing time, limiting inferences about the specific cardiometabolic health impacts of sitting accumulated in different contexts. We examined a...
Jeopardized Myocardium Defined by Late Gadolinium Enhancement Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predicts Survival in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Impact of Revascularization.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION - 20 Nov 2018
Background The prognostic impact of jeopardized myocardium ( JM ) in patients with advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy ( ICM ) is unclear. We hypothesized that JM is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with advanced ICM . Methods and Results Patients with ICM who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging between January 2002 and January 2013 were included in our study. JM was iden...
A novel synthetic small molecule DMFO targets Nrf2 in modulating proinflammatory/antioxidant mediators to ameliorate inflammation.
FREE RADICAL RESEARCH - 13 Nov 2018
Inflammation is a protective immune response against invading pathogens, however, dysregulated inflammation is detrimental. As the complex inflammatory response involves multiple mediators, including the involvement of reactive oxygen species, concomitantly targeting proinflammatory and antioxidant check-points may be a more rational strategy. We report the synthesis and anti-inflammatory/antio...
Inhibition of Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase-3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Signaling Leads to Hypercholesterolemia and Promotes Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance.
HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS - 01 Jan 2019
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates multiple signaling pathways involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in response to changes in hormonal and nutrient status. Cell culture studies have shown that AMPK phosphorylation and inhibition of the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) coenzyme A (CoA) reductase (HMGCR) at serine-8...
Population-Based Gut Microbiome Associations With Hypertension.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH - 09 Nov 2018
Ejection Fraction Pros and Cons: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY - 06 Nov 2018
Ejection fraction (EF) reflects both cardiac function and remodeling, and is widely recognized as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool. Its use in a variety of settings, ranging from heart failure and myocardial infarction to valvular heart disease, has made it a cornerstone of modern cardiology, pervading guidelines and practice. However, the development of the test was in another era, wi...
Association of Change in Cardiovascular Risk Factors With Incident Cardiovascular Events.
JAMA - 06 Nov 2018
There is consistent evidence of the association between ideal cardiovascular health and lower incident cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, most studies used a single measure of cardiovascular health.To examine how cardiovascular health changes over time and whether these changes are associated with incident CVD.Prospective cohort study in a UK general community (Whitehall II), with examinati...
Domain-specific physical activity and the risk of colorectal cancer: results from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study.
BMC CANCER - 03 Nov 2018
Physical activity reduces the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the relevant evidence derives primarily from self-reported recreational and occupational activity. Less is known about the contribution of other domains of physical activity, such as transport and household. We examined associations between domain-specific physical activities and CRC risk within the Melbourne Collaborative Cohor...
Risk of Progression of Nonalbuminuric CKD to End-Stage Kidney Disease in People With Diabetes: The CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) Study.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL KIDNEY FOUNDATION - 01 Nov 2018
Reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the absence of albuminuria is a common manifestation of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetes. However, the frequency with which it progresses to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is unknown.Multicenter prospective cohort study.We included 1,908 participants with diabetes and reduced GFR enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study...
Evaluating the Evidence on Sitting, Smoking, and Health: Is Sitting Really the New Smoking?
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH - 01 Nov 2018
Sitting has frequently been equated with smoking, with some sources even suggesting that smoking is safer than sitting. This commentary highlights how sitting and smoking are not comparable. The most recent meta-analysis of sedentary behavior and health outcomes reported a hazard ratio of 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09, 1.41) for all-cause mortality. The relative risk (RR) of death f...
Biomarker Glycoprotein Acetyls Is Associated With the Risk of a Wide Spectrum of Incident Diseases and Stratifies Mortality Risk in Angiography Patients.
CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE - 01 Nov 2018
Integration of systems-level biomolecular information with electronic health records has led to recent interest in the glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) biomarker-a serum- or plasma-derived nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy signal that represents the abundance of circulating glycated proteins. GlycA predicts risk of diverse outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, ...
Inter-related effects of insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, sympathetic dysfunction and chronic inflammation in PCOS.
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY - 01 Nov 2018
Insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, sympathetic dysfunction and chronic low-grade inflammation may act together in a vicious cycle in the pathophysiology of PCOS. However, the inter-relationships of these components are not fully understood. We aimed to study these mechanisms in the pathophysiology of PCOS.Premenopausal women with PCOS (Rotterdam diagnostic criteria) and without PCOS were rec...
Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Can Be Used Effectively and Safely in Older Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: Long-Term Follow-up.
DIABETES TECHNOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS - 01 Nov 2018
Use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in adults with type 1 diabetes has become increasingly popular in recent years, with recent studies examining the efficacy of CSII use in pregnancy and in type 2 diabetes. However, there is very limited information on the benefit of CSII in older patients with type 1 diabetes. Electronic medical records were retrospectively analyzed for pat...
