Publications
Now showing items 361-380 of 5325 records
HIV-1-DNA/RNA and immunometabolism in monocytes: contribution to the chronic immune activation and inflammation in people with HIV-1.
EBIOMEDICINE - 11 Sep 2024
Among people living with HIV-1 (PHIV), immunological non-responders (INR) experience incomplete immune recovery despite suppressive antiretroviral treatment (ART), facing more severe non-AIDS events than immunological responders (IR) due to higher chronic immune activation and inflammation (cIA/I). We analyzed the HIV-1 reservoir and immunometabolism in monocytes as a source of cIA/I. Cross-sec...
Tree-based scan statistics to generate drug repurposing hypotheses: a test case using sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.
11 Sep 2024
Most drug repurposing studies using real-world data focused on validating, instead of generating, hypotheses. We used tree-based scan statistics to generate repurposing hypotheses for sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). We used an active-comparator, new-user design to create a 1:1 propensity-score matched cohort of SGLT2i and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) initiators ...
Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of polygenic risk score-stratified screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS - 14 Sep 2024
As the heritability of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is high and AAA partially shares genetic architecture with other cardiovascular diseases, genetic information could help inform AAA screening strategies. Exploiting pleiotropy and meta-analysing summary data from large studies, we construct a polygenic risk score (PRS) for AAA. Leveraging related traits improves PRS performance (R<sup>2</su...
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and risk of muscle strength decline and sarcopenia in older adults.
CLINICAL NUTRITION (EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND) - 22 Aug 2024
Recent studies have demonstrated that very high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was paradoxically linked with higher risk of cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and several age-related diseases. However, whether very high HDL-C level is associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia in older adults remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between HDL-C...
An aptamer-guided fluorescence polarisation platform for extracellular vesicle liquid biopsy.
01 Sep 2024
The translation of discoveries on extracellular vesicle (EV) based cancer biomarkers to personalised precision oncology requires the development of robust, sensitive and specific assays that are amenable to adoption in the clinical laboratory. Whilst a variety of elegant approaches for EV liquid biopsy have been developed, most of them remain as research prototypes due to the requirement of a h...
Supporting healthcare professionals to reduce weight stigma.
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE - 01 Sep 2024
Reducing weight stigma in healthcare is critical to supporting and improving the health of people living with overweight or obesity and decreasing the risk of adverse patient outcomes. We were invited as stigma researchers to participate in an online workshop alongside community members, healthcare professionals and policymakers to codesign guidance for reducing weight stigma in healthcare. Thi...
Post Pulmonary Embolism Phenotypes Described by Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing.
CHEST - 03 Sep 2024
Post pulmonary embolism (PE) dyspnea is common. Existing non-invasive studies have demonstrated that post PE dyspnea is associated with elevations in right ventricular afterload, dead space ventilation, and deconditioning. We aimed to use invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (iCPET) parameters in patients with post PE dyspnea to identify unique physiologic phenotypes. Are there distinct po...
Early intermittent hyperlipidaemia alters tissue macrophages to fuel atherosclerosis.
NATURE - 04 Sep 2024
Hyperlipidaemia is a major risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Risk of cardiovascular events depends on cumulative lifetime exposure to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and, independently, on the time course of exposure to LDL-C, with early exposure being associated with a higher risk<sup>1</sup>. Furthermore, LDL-C fluctuations are associated with ASCVD ou...
Fludrocortisone dose-response relationship in septic shock: a randomised phase II trial.
INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE - 05 Sep 2024
The combination of intravenous hydrocortisone and enteral fludrocortisone may reduce mortality in patients with septic shock. The optimal dose and reliability of absorption of fludrocortisone in critically ill patients are unclear. In a multi-centre, open label, phase II randomized clinical trial, intravenous hydrocortisone alone or in combination with one of three doses of enteral fludrocortis...
A multicentre study to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a novel CAD software, DecXpert, for radiological diagnosis of tuberculosis in the northern Indian population.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS - 05 Sep 2024
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality among infectious diseases globally. Effectively managing TB requires early identification of individuals with TB disease. Resource-constrained settings often lack skilled professionals for interpreting chest X-rays (CXRs) used in TB diagnosis. To address this challenge, we developed "DecXpert" a novel Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) software so...
The Reduction of the Productivity Burden of Cardiovascular Disease by Improving the Risk Factor Control Among Australians with Type 2 Diabetes: A 10-Year Dynamic Analysis.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY - 06 Sep 2024
To quantify the productivity burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes and the potential benefits of improved CVD risk factor control. We designed models to quantify the productivity burden (using the productivity-adjusted life-year; PALY) of CVD in Australians with type 2 diabetes aged 40-69 years from 2023-2032. PALYs were ascribed a financial value equivalent to gross domesti...
Clinical Significance of Myocardial Injury in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Prospective, Multicenter, Cohort Study.
JACC. CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING - 14 Aug 2024
Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with troponin elevation have a higher prevalence of cardiac abnormalities than control individuals. However, the progression and impact of myocardial injury on COVID-19 survivors remain unclear. This study sought to evaluate myocardial injury in COVID-19 survivors with troponin elevation with baseline and follow-up imaging and to assess medium-term outcomes. This ...
Tailored environments for directed mesenchymal stromal cell proliferation and differentiation using decellularized extracellular matrices in conjunction with substrate modulus.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA - 22 Aug 2024
Decellularised extracellular matrix (dECM) produced by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a promising biomaterial for improving the ex vivo expansion of MSCs. The dECMs are often deposited on high modulus surfaces such as tissue culture plastic or glass, and subsequent differentiation assays often bias towards osteogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that dECM deposited on substrates of varying ...
Acute Neuroinflammation Alters the Transport of a Model Therapeutic Protein from the Brain into Lymph and Blood.
26 Aug 2024
The drainage of fluid and solutes along lymphatic pathways from the brain has been found to be impaired in mouse models of multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease where neuroinflammation is present. We recently demonstrated that <sup>3</sup>H-albumin, a model therapeutic protein (∼65 kDa), undergoes preferential lymphatic transport from the brain using a cervical lymph ...
Platelets in Vascular Calcification: A Comprehensive Review of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Protein Interactions, Platelet Function Indices, and their Impact on Cellular Crosstalk.
SEMINARS IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS - 27 Aug 2024
Vascular calcification (VC) commonly accompanies the development of atherosclerosis, defined by the accumulation of calcium in the arterial wall, potentially leading to stroke and myocardial infarction. Severe and unevenly distributed calcification poses challenges for interventional procedures, elevating the risks of vascular dissection, acute vascular occlusion, restenosis, and other major ad...
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation by pulmonary vein isolation with or without left atrial posterior wall isolation: long-term outcomes of the CAPLA trial.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL - 31 Aug 2024
Posterior wall isolation (PWI) is commonly incorporated into catheter ablation (CA) strategies for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) in an attempt to improve outcomes. In the CAPLA randomized study, adjunctive PWI did not improve freedom from atrial arrhythmia at 12 months compared with pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) alone. Whether additional PWI reduces arrhythmia recurrence over the longer ...
Meat consumption and incident type 2 diabetes: an individual-participant federated meta-analysis of 1·97 million adults with 100 000 incident cases from 31 cohorts in 20 countries.
THE LANCET. DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY - 01 Sep 2024
Meat consumption could increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, evidence is largely based on studies of European and North American populations, with heterogeneous analysis strategies and a greater focus on red meat than on poultry. We aimed to investigate the associations of unprocessed red meat, processed meat, and poultry consumption with type 2 diabetes using data from worldwide cohor...
A new method for network bioinformatics identifies novel drug targets for mucinous ovarian carcinoma.
NAR GENOMICS AND BIOINFORMATICS - 01 Sep 2024
Mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) is a subtype of ovarian cancer that is distinct from all other ovarian cancer subtypes and currently has no targeted therapies. To identify novel therapeutic targets, we developed and applied a new method of differential network analysis comparing MOC to benign mucinous tumours (in the absence of a known normal tissue of origin). This method mapped the protein-p...
Zibotentan in Microvascular Angina: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial.
CIRCULATION - 01 Sep 2024
<b>Background:</b> Microvascular angina is associated with dysregulation of the endothelin system and impairments in myocardial blood flow, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life. The G allele of the noncoding single nucleotide polymorphism <i>RS9349379</i> enhances expression of the endothelin-1 gene (<i>EDN1</i>) in human vascular cells, potentially increasing circulating conce...
Glucofriendly couscous usage in diabetes.
JPMA. THE JOURNAL OF THE PAKISTAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION - 01 Aug 2024
Couscous, a staple food of Northern Africa and the Middle East, is consumed across the world. Being carbohydrate - rich, it is often forbidden to persons with diabetes. Its social and cultural connotations, however, do not allow absolute avoidance of this dish in real life. This brief article explores various ways of preparing, serving and eating couscous, in a glucofriendly manner. The authors...
