The aim of this study was to compare the walkability of neighborhood environments of older adults (65 years and above) living in the general community and retirement village settings, and to describe associations between walkability and the physical activity of participants. The study was conducted in a coastal region of Australia largely characterized by urban sprawl. In 2011-2012, 292 partici...

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Cycling for transport offers an opportunity to promote active and sustainable mobility among the growing population of older adults. However, only a few studies examined how environmental factors may promote cycling for transport among older adults. Purposeful convenience sampling was used to recruit 40 older adults in Flanders, Belgium. Researchers and participants made a cycle trip, during wh...

In response to a sustained pathological stress, such as chronic pressure overload or myocardial infarction, the heart undergoes maladaptive cardiac remodelling to compensate for the increase in workload, ultimately leading to heart failure if left untreated (1). Heart failure is a significant global health problem which is becoming worse as the population ages (2). Despite advances in pharmacol...

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Public open spaces (POS) are key neighbourhood destinations shown to confer numerous physical and mental health benefits. The amount and spatial distribution of POS throughout cities are guided by urban planning policies and standards. However, empirical evidence is not generally used to create POS standards. Developing and testing POS indices associated with positive health outcomes, can infor...

Background Holding a driver licence is a vital part of life for many Australians, facilitating social connections and enabling access to employment, education and health services. There is a lack of evidence, however, about the value the community attaches to driver licences. This study investigates the monetary value that a sample of Australian adults place on holding a driver licence and how ...

China faces a huge task in managing the large numbers of people with diabetes. Primary care is at the forefront of this challenge, and needs to begin to adopt some of the management and organizational approaches that have been shown to be successful in tackling diabetes and similar chronic diseases. © 2018 Family Medicine and Community Health.

Objective: To describe patterns of sedentary behaviour and physical activity in adults two weeks post-hospital discharge following an upper or lower limb fracture, and identify associated predictive factors. Design: Observational study. Setting: Level 1 Trauma Centre. Participants: Adults aged 18–69 years with an isolated upper (UL) or lower (LL) limb fracture. Main Outcome Measures: Sitting ti...

A large amount of time spent sitting is a newly identified health risk. Although desk-based workers spend much of their time at work sitting, little is known about how office spaces may be related to workplace sitting time. This study examined cross-sectional associations of the perceived availability of office shared spaces with workers’ sitting time, and the potential role of workplace normat...

High volumes of daily television viewing time increase risk of cardiovascular disease and other health problems. We report the descriptive epidemiology of high (3+ hrs/day) and very high (5+ hrs/ day) television (TV) viewing time and their correlates among Brazilian adults. Data from 60,202 participants (18 more years of age) in the National Health Survey carried in 2013 were analysed. The prop...

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Walk Score® is a free publicly-available tool that evaluates how a particular location is supportive of residents’ walking, based on the distance to various local destinations. Several studies have shown associations of Walk Score with walking behaviors. However, these studies have been conducted only in Western countries, such as the U.S.A., Australia, Canada, and France. In addition, the role...

To explore sex-specific associations between long-term individual blood pressure (BP) patterns and risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in the general population.Blood pressure was measured in 8376 women and 7670 men who attended at least two of the three population-based Tromsø Study surveys conducted in 1986-87, 1994-95, and 2001. Participants were followed for incident AF throughout 201...

Gender disparity remains a prominent medical workforce issue, extending beyond surgical specialties with low proportions of female doctors.To examine female representation within Australia and New Zealand (NZ) among physician specialties and certain comparator surgical specialties with a focus on cardiology as an outlier of workforce gender equality.Data of practising medical specialists, new c...

Sedentary behaviour is associated with impaired cognition, whereas exercise can acutely improve cognition.We compared the effects of a morning bout of moderate-intensity exercise, with and without subsequent light-intensity walking breaks from sitting, on cognition in older adults.Sedentary overweight/obese older adults with normal cognitive function (n=67, 67±7 years, 31.2±4.1 kg/m) completed ...

Substantial changes in the prevalence of the principal kidney and bladder cancer risk factors, smoking (both cancers) and body fatness (kidney cancer), have occurred but the contemporary cancer burden attributable to these factors has not been evaluated. We quantified the kidney and bladder cancer burden attributable to individual and joint exposures and assessed whether these burdens differ be...