Hybrid closed loop (HCL) insulin delivery with the Medtronic Minimed 670G system is effective and safe in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study compared glucose control, closed loop (CL) exits, and alarm frequency with the standard HCL (s-HCL) versus enhanced HCL (e-HCL) Medtronic system. Pump-experienced T1D adults (n = 11; 9 female; mean [SD] age: 51 years [15 years]; HbA1c 7.5% [1.0%...

Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis, and beta cell failure is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Glucose triggers insulin secretion in beta cells via oxidative mitochondrial pathways. However, it also feeds mitochondrial anaplerotic pathways, driving citrate export and cytosolic malonyl-CoA production by the acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) enzyme. This pathway has ...

In recent decades, large increases in diabetes prevalence have been demonstrated in virtually all regions of the world. The increase in the number of people with diabetes or with a longer duration of diabetes is likely to alter the disease profile in many populations around the globe, particularly due to a higher incidence of diabetes-specific complications, such as kidney failure and periphera...

Despite its well-known antithrombotic properties, the effect of aspirin on blood pressure (BP) and hypertension pathology is unclear. The hugely varying doses used clinically have contributed to this confusion, with high-dose aspirin still commonly used due to concerns about the efficacy of low-dose aspirin. Because prostaglandins have been shown to both promote and inhibit T-cell activation, w...

PI3KC2α is a phosphoinositide 3-kinase with a recently reported function in platelets; PI3KC2α-deficient mouse platelets have altered membrane structure and impaired function. Yet, how these membrane changes cause platelet dysfunction remains unknown. Here, focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy of PI3KC2α-deficient platelet ultrastructure reveals a specific effect on the internal membra...

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is commonly observed as a benign finding. However, the literature suggests that it may be associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD). We performed a meta-analysis and systematic review to determine the: (1) prevalence of MVP in the general population; (2) prevalence of MVP in all SCD and unexplained SCD; (3) incidence of SCD in MVP and (4) risk factors for SCD.The En...

The role of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a risk factor for cognitive impairment independent of their shared antecedents remains controversial.To determine whether kidney damage (indicated by albuminuria) or kidney dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 ml/min/1.73 m2) predict future (12-year) cognitive function independently of their shared risk factors.We studied 4,128...

We recently developed an approach for recording from muscle spindles in the intrinsic muscles of the foot in freestanding humans by inserting a tungsten microelectrode into the posterior tibial nerve behind the medial malleolus of the ankle. Here we characterize the behavior of muscle spindles in the small muscles of the foot in 1) seated subjects with the leg horizontal and the foot naturally ...

To determine the effect of prone sleeping on cerebral oxygenation in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit.Preterm infants, divided into extremely preterm (gestational age 24-28 weeks; n = 23) and very preterm (gestational age 29-34 weeks; n = 33) groups, were studied weekly until discharge in prone and supine positions during active and quiet sleep. Cerebral tissue oxygenation in...

Signaling through β-adrenergic receptors drives cancer progression and β-blockers are being evaluated as a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent metastasis. Orthotopic mouse models of breast cancer show that β-adrenergic signaling induced by chronic stress accelerates metastasis, and that β-adrenergic receptors on tumor cells are critical for this. Endogenous catecholamines are released during ...

To investigate whether enrolment of patients in management programs after hospitalisation for heart failure (HF) reduces the likelihood of post-hospital adverse outcomes.Cohort study in which associations between adverse outcomes at 30 and 90 days for people hospitalised for HF and baseline clinical, socio-demographic and blood pathology factors, and with post-discharge management strategies, w...

here are significant population health and economic implications if Australia were to adopt recently revised American guidelines. There are few things more controversial in medicine than when authoritative bodies shift the goalposts for common conditions and redefine normal values. This is particularly the case when the normative values for common chronic disease risk factors in the community, ...

To compare the prevalence of multimorbidity and its impact on mortality among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians who had been hospitalised in New South Wales in the previous 10 years.Cohort study analysis of linked NSW hospital (Admitted Patient Data Collection) and mortality data for 5 437 018 New South Wales residents with an admission to a NSW hospital between 1 March 2003 and 1 March...

Background: Diabetes is one of the world's most prevalent and serious non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It is a leading cause of death, disability and financial loss; moreover, it is identified as a major threat to global development. The chronic nature of diabetes and its related complications make it a costly disease. Estimating the total cost of an illness is a useful aid to national and int...

[No abstract available]

Objective We examined (1) cross-sectional and prospective associations of perceived and objectively-measured neighborhood attributes with purpose-specific walking; (2) the differences between cross-sectional and prospective associations in the sample of Japanese middle-to-older-aged adults. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study to collect data from 544 adults aged 40 to 69 years livi...

OBJECTIVES: Sarcopenia, defined as an age-associated loss of skeletal muscle function and muscle mass, occurs in approximately 6 - 22 % of older adults. This paper presents evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for screening, diagnosis and management of sarcopenia from the task force of the International Conference on Sarcopenia and Frailty Research (ICSFR). METHODS: To develop the guide...

Background: A single bout of moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise improves both metabolic and cognitive function. In addition to exercise, emerging evidence suggests that reducing sitting time may be another strategy for improving metabolic function. However, the combined effects of acute exercise with reductions in sitting time on cognitive and metabolic function are largely unknown. Method...

Since the burden of chronic diseases is rising globally, there is an urgent need to develop population-level approaches to reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Neighborhood environments, where people spend much of their time, are relevant in this context because they can influence residents’ daily behaviors related to health. In particular, public green spaces (PGS) can confer health benefits...

OBJECTIVE: What effect does regular exercise have on oxidative stress in people with Down syndrome? DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analyses. METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analyses was conducted. Six databases were searched from inception until August 2017. Studies where included if participants with Down syndrome (any age) had completed an exercise program of at least 6 weeks du...