Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias commonly originate from the right ventricular and left ventricular outflow tracts (OTs). Advances in real-time imaging have refined our understanding of the intimate anatomic structures implicated in the genesis of OT arrhythmias, making catheter ablation for arrhythmias beyond the right ventricular OT a feasible option for cure-indeed ablation is now a class ...

Background Cognitive impairment is a prevalent, independent marker of readmission in heart failure (HF), but the screening is time-consuming. This study sought (1) to identify HF patients at low risk of cognitive impairment (obviating screening) and (2) to simplify a predictive model of HF outcomes by only using cognitive domains that are most predictive. Methods and Results The Montreal Cognit...

Evidence on the endometrial and ovarian cancer burden preventable through modifications to current causal behavioural and hormonal exposures is limited. Whether the burden differs by population subgroup is unknown.We linked pooled data from six Australian cohort studies to national cancer and death registries, and quantified exposure-cancer associations using adjusted proportional hazards model...

Large artery stiffness is an index of vascular aging associated with cardiovascular mortality. Whereas traditional risk factors for arterial stiffness are known, the contribution of socioeconomic factors is less reported. We sought to determine the relationship between arterial stiffness and socioeconomic deprivation (at the individual and neighborhood levels) in healthy males and females. In 7...

Due to barriers to accessing timely elective electrical cardioversion (CV) for persistent AF (PeAF), we adopted a policy of instructing patients to present directly to the Emergency Department (ED) for CV.We compare a strategy of Emergency CV (ED-CV) versus Elective CV (EL-CV) for treatment of symptomatic PeAF.Between 2014 and 7, we evaluated 150 patients undergoing CV for PeAF. ED-CV patients ...

: In 2010, 1.4 billion people globally had hypertension, with 14% controlled to systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) below 140, which contributes to 18 million cardiovascular deaths annually. Recent hypertension guidelines endorsed SBP targets below 130 or lower for all or some hypertensive patients to reduce cardiovascular events (CVEs) more than the prior SBP target less than 140. In 2016, the...

The adult heart contains macrophages derived from both embryonic and adult bone marrow (BM)-derived precursors. This population diversity prompted us to explore how distinct macrophage subsets localize within the heart, and their relative contributions in cardiac disease. In this study, using the reciprocal expression of Lyve-1 and Ccr2 to distinguish macrophages with distinct origins, we show ...

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a leading cause of pediatric heart disease, characterized by the emergence of life-threatening coronary vasculitis. Identifying which cytokines drive KD has been a major research goal, and both TNF and IL-1 have been identified as potential candidates. Using a murine model of KD induced by the injection of the water-soluble component of , we therefore undertook a mechan...

This study sought to determine the long-term right atrial (RA) electrical and structural changes in a subgroup from the CAMERA-MRI (Catheter Ablation Versus Medical Rate Control in Atrial Fibrillation and Systolic Dysfunction-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) study.Catheter ablation (CA) is successful in restoring ventricular function in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and otherwise unexplaine...

The adenosine A receptor (AAR) is one of four adenosine receptor subtypes belonging to the Class A family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Until recently, the AAR remained poorly characterised, in part due to its relatively low affinity for the endogenous agonist adenosine and therefore presumed minor physiological significance. However, the substantial increase in extracellular adenosin...

We aimed to determine whether adherence to the Australian dietary guidelines and an index of healthy behavior was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to provide estimates of the proportion of preventable cases. Participants of the AusDiab cohort study were followed for 12 years (n = 6242), starting from May 1999, during which T2D cases were identified. The associations bet...

The plant Garcinia kola is used in African ethno-medicine to treat various oxidation- and inflammation-related diseases but its bioactive compounds are not well characterized. Garcinoic acid (GA) is one of the few phytochemicals that have been isolated from Garcinia kola. We investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of the methanol extract of Garcinia kola seeds (NE) and purified GA, as a ma...

For time-to-event data, the study sample is commonly selected using the nested case-control design in which controls are selected at the event time of each case. An alternative sampling strategy is to sample all controls at the same (pre-specified) time, which can either be at the last event time or further out in time. Such controls are the long-term survivors and may therefore constitute a mo...

Bariatric surgery results in weight loss and health improvements in adults and adolescents. However, whether outcomes differ according to the age of the patient at the time of surgery is unclear.We evaluated the health effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in a cohort of adolescents (161 patients enrolled from 2006 through 2012) and a cohort of adults (396 patients enrolled from 2006 through 2009...

: With an aging population there is an important need for the development of effective treatments for the amelioration of cognitive decline. Multiple mechanisms underlie age-related cognitive decline including cerebrovascular disease, oxidative stress, reduced antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial dysfunction. CoQ is a novel treatment which has the potential to improve brain function in health...

Clinical resistance against Bedaquiline, the first new anti-tuberculosis compound with a novel mechanism of action in over 40 years, has already been detected in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As a new drug, however, there is currently insufficient clinical data to facilitate reliable and timely identification of genomic determinants of resistance. Here we investigate the structural basis for M. t...