National guidelines recommend physically active interruptions to sitting time, however, the characteristics of these interruptions are broadly stated and ill-defined. A robust methodology for population surveillance for such interruptions is needed.To describe the frequency and characteristics (i.e., duration, stepping time, and estimated intensity) of all interruptions and physically active in...

Hypertension is a prevalent chronic disease worldwide that remains poorly controlled. Recent studies support the concept that the gut microbiota is involved in the development of hypertension and that dietary fibre intake may act through the gut microbiota to lower blood pressure (BP). Resistant starch is a type of prebiotic fibre which is metabolised by commensal bacteria in the colon to produ...

Urbanization, a major force driving changes in neighborhood environments, may affect residents' health by influencing their daily activity levels. We examined associations of population density changes in urban areas with adults' physical activity changes over 12 years using the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study (1999-2012). The analytical sample contained 2,354 participants, who...

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Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) has multiple adverse effects on musculoskeletal health. This 12-month randomised controlled trial aimed to assess the effects of multi-component exercise training combined with whey protein, calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD), structure and strength, body composition, muscle strength and physical funct...

Protein-protein interactions play a crucial role in all cellular functions and biological processes and mutations leading to their disruption are enriched in many diseases. While a number of computational methods to assess the effects of variants on protein-protein binding affinity have been proposed, they are in general limited to the analysis of single point mutations and have been shown to p...

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To investigate the longitudinal associations between demographic, clinical and lifestyle factors, and changes in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in cancer survivors 6-9 years post-diagnosis in Western Australia.A total of 290 individuals participated in this study. Three-quarters of participants were female, and 55%, 31%, and 14% were survivors of breast cancer, colon cancer, and non-Hodgkin l...

Binge drinking is a common atrial fibrillation (AF) trigger, however the mechanisms are poorly understood.To investigate the effects of alcohol intoxication and hangover with rhythm monitoring and cardiac MRI.Patients underwent serial cardiac MRI pre- and post-binge with continuous Holter monitoring. Time periods analyzed: baseline (24 h pre-binge), consumption, hangover (0- 24 h post-consumpti...

The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110α (PI3K) are critical regulators of exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy and provide protection in experimental models of pathological remodeling and heart failure. Forkhead box class O1 (FoxO1) is a transcription factor that regulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy downstream of IGF1R/PI3K activation i...

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TV viewing is associated with elevated plasma glucose, but it is not clear whether such associations can be modified by dietary patterns.We examined the interactions of TV viewing time and dietary patterns in relation to fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose. Cross-sectional analyses were performed among participants (N = 3081; 44.7% male; mean age 57.8 years) from the 2011 to 2012 Australian Diabe...

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The accumulation of advanced glycation end products is implicated in the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease. No study has examined whether stimulating advanced glycation clearance via receptor manipulation is reno-protective in diabetes. Podocytes, which are early contributors to diabetic kidney disease and could be a target for reno-protection.To examine the effects of incr...

Maternal high-fat diet in rabbits leads to hypertension and elevated renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in adult offspring but whether this is due to adiposity or maternal programming is unclear. We gave intracerebroventricular (ICV) and ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) administration of leptin-receptor antagonist, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH), melanocortin-receptor antagonist (S...

Homozygosity for the common null polymorphism ( 577X) results in α-actinin-3 deficiency in ~20% of humans worldwide and is linked to reduced sprint and power performance in both elite athletes and the general population. α-Actinin-3 deficiency is also associated with reduced muscle mass, increased risk of sarcopenia, and altered muscle wasting response induced by denervation and immobilization...

The sphingolipid de novo synthesis pathway, encompassing the sphingolipids, the enzymes and the cell membrane receptors, are being investigated for their role in diseases and as potential therapeutic targets. The intermediate sphingolipids such as dihydrosphingosine (dhSph) and sphingosine (Sph) have not been investigated due to them being thought of as precursors to other more active lipids su...

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