To identify successes to date and opportunities for improvement in the implementation of a complex health systems intervention aiming to improve prenatal and postpartum care and health outcomes for women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy in regional and remote Australia.A qualitative evaluation, underpinned by the RE-AIM framework (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance), was...

In the last two decades, the global prevalence of paediatric hypertension increased by approximately 75%. Nearly 25% of children are now classified as obese or overweight. Substantial evidence suggests that risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) begin to develop in childhood, thus warranting the need for tools to better screen for early CVD risk in youth. Vascular ageing, the deteriorati...

Extensive evidence shows that risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) begin to develop early in life. Childhood obesity and elevated blood pressure (BP) have become overwhelmingly challenging, with 57% of today's children predicted to be obese by the age of 35 years, and global rates of hypertension in children and adolescents increasing by 75% from 2000 to 2015. Thus, there is an urgent ...

Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have vasodilator properties in animal and human ex vivo arteries. However, the role of the gut microbiota and SCFAs in arterial stiffness in humans is still unclear. Here we aimed to determine associations between the gut microbiome, SCFA and their G-protein coupled sensing receptors (GPCRs) in relation to human arteria...

The concept of targeting the renal sympathetic nerves therapeutically to lower blood pressure (BP) is based on their crucial role in regulating both renal and cardiovascular control. These effects are mainly mediated via three major mechanisms including alteration of renal blood flow, renin-release, and Na retention. Initial surgical approaches applying crude and unselected sympathectomy, while...

Medical devices directly exposed to blood are commonly used to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, these devices are associated with inflammatory reactions leading to delayed healing, rejection of foreign material or device-associated thrombus formation. We developed a novel recombinant fusion protein as a new biocompatible coating strategy for medical devices with direct blood contact. We ...

Lipid metabolism is tightly linked to adiposity. Comprehensive lipidomic profiling offers new insights into the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in relation to weight gain. Here, we investigated the relationship of the human plasma lipidome and changes in waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). Adults (2653 men and 3196 women), 25-95 years old who attended the baseline survey of th...

Decreased heart rate (HR) and variability (HRV) are well-established correlates of attention; however, the functional significance of these dynamics remains unclear. Here, we investigate whether attention-related cardiac modulation is sensitive to different varieties of uncertainty. Thirty-nine adults performed a binocular rivalry-replay task in which changes in visual perception were driven ei...

Sarcopenia is a disease related to accelerated loss of skeletal muscle and subsequent decline in functional capacity. It affects approximately 13% of the world's population aged over 60 years. Sarcopenia is primarily managed and prevented through a combination of exercise prescription combined with appropriate nutritional strategies. This review outlines diagnostic and case finding/screening to...

There has been a substantial amount of research involving computer methods and technology for the detection and recognition of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), but there is a lack of systematic comparisons of state-of-the-art deep learning object detection frameworks applied to this problem. DFUC2020 provided participants with a comprehensive dataset consisting of 2,000 images for training and 2,00...

We aimed to determine whether interrupting prolonged sitting improves glycemic control and the metabolic profile of free-living adults with obesity. Sixteen sedentary individuals {10 women/6 men; median [interquartile range (IQR)] age 50 (44-53) yr, body mass index (BMI) 32 (32-35.8) kg/m} were fitted with continuous glucose and activity monitors for 4 wk. After a 1-wk baseline period, particip...

Arterial stiffness is an important predictor of cardiovascular events, independent of traditional risk factors. Stiffening of arteries, though an adaptive process to hemodynamic load, results in substantial increase in the pulsatile hemodynamic forces that detrimentally affects the microcirculation perfusing the vital organs such as the brain, heart and kidneys. Studies have proposed that arter...

Renal denervation (RDN) is effective at lowering blood pressure. However, it is unknown if ablative procedures elicit sympathetic denervation of the kidneys in humans. The aim of this investigation was to assess sympathetic innervation of the renal cortex following perivascular chemical RDN, which may be particularly effective at ablating perivascular efferent and afferent nerves.Seven hyperten...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01395.].

The rates of overweight and obese adults in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have increased dramatically in recent decades. Several anthropometric measurements are used to assess body weight status. Some anthropometric measurements might not be convenient to use in certain communities and settings. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement of four anthropometric measurements and ind...