Publications
Now showing items 181-200 of 5153 records
Dietary patterns derived by reduced rank regression, macronutrients as response variables, and variation by economic status: NHANES 1999-2018.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION - 17 Sep 2024
Macronutrient intakes vary across people and economic status, leading to a disparity in diet-related metabolic diseases. This study aimed to provide insight into this by: (1) identifying dietary patterns in adults using reduced rank regression (RRR), with macronutrients as response variables, and (2) investigating the associations between economic status and macronutrient based dietary patterns...
Cyclic stretch enhances neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
BMC BIOLOGY - 18 Sep 2024
Neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes circulating in blood, contribute to host defense and play a significant role in chronic inflammatory disorders. They can release their DNA in the form of extracellular traps (NETs), which serve as scaffolds for capturing bacteria and various blood cells. However, uncontrolled formation of NETs (NETosis) can lead to excessive activation of coagulation pa...
Recent advancements in targeting the immune system to treat hypertension.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY - 18 Sep 2024
Hypertension is the key leading risk factor for death globally, affecting ∼1.3 billion adults, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Most people living with hypertension have uncontrolled high blood pressure, increasing their likelihood of cardiovascular events. Significant issues preventing blood pressure control include lack of diagnosis, treatment, and response to existing therap...
Protective role of acetylcholine and the cholinergic system in the injured heart.
ISCIENCE - 20 Sep 2024
This review explores the roles of the cholinergic system in the heart, comprising the neuronal and non-neuronal cholinergic systems. Both systems are essential for maintaining cardiac homeostasis by regulating the release of acetylcholine (ACh). A reduction in ACh release is associated with the early onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and increasing evidence supports the protective roles ...
A right ventricular bulge: A clinical dilemma in diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU - 20 Sep 2024
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited disease characterized by progressive fibrofatty tissue replacement of the myocardium. Asymptomatic individuals can often present for the first time with acute cardiac symptoms, such as syncope and ventricular arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death (SCD), which can occur in young and athletic populations. In the field of inherit...
Patient-Perceived Challenges to Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Qualitative Exploratory Study.
THE SCIENCE OF DIABETES SELF-MANAGEMENT AND CARE - 20 Sep 2024
The purpose of the study was to explore patient-reported challenges influencing type 2 diabetes self-management in a diabetes center in Ethiopia. Exploratory qualitative interviews were conducted with purposively sampled patients with type 2 diabetes. Thematic data analysis was performed to identify challenges to diabetes self-management, and the themes were interpreted using Leininger's sunris...
Clinical Trial Evidence of the Gut Microbial Metabolite Butyrate in Hypertension.
HYPERTENSION (DALLAS, TEX. : 1979) - 01 Oct 2024
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension in the general population of Australia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION - 27 Aug 2024
A recent call-to-action highlighted that Australia is lagging behind high-income countries regarding hypertension control rates. We performed a systematic literature search of reports on prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates since 2010. We also undertook an individual participant data meta-analysis of six population-based studies in the general population from 1980 to 2018 to under...
HIV-1-DNA/RNA and immunometabolism in monocytes: contribution to the chronic immune activation and inflammation in people with HIV-1.
EBIOMEDICINE - 11 Sep 2024
Among people living with HIV-1 (PHIV), immunological non-responders (INR) experience incomplete immune recovery despite suppressive antiretroviral treatment (ART), facing more severe non-AIDS events than immunological responders (IR) due to higher chronic immune activation and inflammation (cIA/I). We analyzed the HIV-1 reservoir and immunometabolism in monocytes as a source of cIA/I. Cross-sec...
Tree-based scan statistics to generate drug repurposing hypotheses: a test case using sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.
11 Sep 2024
Most drug repurposing studies using real-world data focused on validating, instead of generating, hypotheses. We used tree-based scan statistics to generate repurposing hypotheses for sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). We used an active-comparator, new-user design to create a 1:1 propensity-score matched cohort of SGLT2i and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) initiators ...
Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of polygenic risk score-stratified screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS - 14 Sep 2024
As the heritability of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is high and AAA partially shares genetic architecture with other cardiovascular diseases, genetic information could help inform AAA screening strategies. Exploiting pleiotropy and meta-analysing summary data from large studies, we construct a polygenic risk score (PRS) for AAA. Leveraging related traits improves PRS performance (R<sup>2</su...
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and risk of muscle strength decline and sarcopenia in older adults.
CLINICAL NUTRITION (EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND) - 22 Aug 2024
Recent studies have demonstrated that very high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was paradoxically linked with higher risk of cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and several age-related diseases. However, whether very high HDL-C level is associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia in older adults remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between HDL-C...
An aptamer-guided fluorescence polarisation platform for extracellular vesicle liquid biopsy.
01 Sep 2024
The translation of discoveries on extracellular vesicle (EV) based cancer biomarkers to personalised precision oncology requires the development of robust, sensitive and specific assays that are amenable to adoption in the clinical laboratory. Whilst a variety of elegant approaches for EV liquid biopsy have been developed, most of them remain as research prototypes due to the requirement of a h...
Supporting healthcare professionals to reduce weight stigma.
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE - 01 Sep 2024
Reducing weight stigma in healthcare is critical to supporting and improving the health of people living with overweight or obesity and decreasing the risk of adverse patient outcomes. We were invited as stigma researchers to participate in an online workshop alongside community members, healthcare professionals and policymakers to codesign guidance for reducing weight stigma in healthcare. Thi...
Post Pulmonary Embolism Phenotypes Described by Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing.
CHEST - 03 Sep 2024
Post pulmonary embolism (PE) dyspnea is common. Existing non-invasive studies have demonstrated that post PE dyspnea is associated with elevations in right ventricular afterload, dead space ventilation, and deconditioning. We aimed to use invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (iCPET) parameters in patients with post PE dyspnea to identify unique physiologic phenotypes. Are there distinct po...
Early intermittent hyperlipidaemia alters tissue macrophages to fuel atherosclerosis.
NATURE - 04 Sep 2024
Hyperlipidaemia is a major risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Risk of cardiovascular events depends on cumulative lifetime exposure to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and, independently, on the time course of exposure to LDL-C, with early exposure being associated with a higher risk<sup>1</sup>. Furthermore, LDL-C fluctuations are associated with ASCVD ou...
Fludrocortisone dose-response relationship in septic shock: a randomised phase II trial.
INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE - 05 Sep 2024
The combination of intravenous hydrocortisone and enteral fludrocortisone may reduce mortality in patients with septic shock. The optimal dose and reliability of absorption of fludrocortisone in critically ill patients are unclear. In a multi-centre, open label, phase II randomized clinical trial, intravenous hydrocortisone alone or in combination with one of three doses of enteral fludrocortis...
A multicentre study to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a novel CAD software, DecXpert, for radiological diagnosis of tuberculosis in the northern Indian population.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS - 05 Sep 2024
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality among infectious diseases globally. Effectively managing TB requires early identification of individuals with TB disease. Resource-constrained settings often lack skilled professionals for interpreting chest X-rays (CXRs) used in TB diagnosis. To address this challenge, we developed "DecXpert" a novel Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) software so...
The Reduction of the Productivity Burden of Cardiovascular Disease by Improving the Risk Factor Control Among Australians with Type 2 Diabetes: A 10-Year Dynamic Analysis.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY - 06 Sep 2024
To quantify the productivity burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes and the potential benefits of improved CVD risk factor control. We designed models to quantify the productivity burden (using the productivity-adjusted life-year; PALY) of CVD in Australians with type 2 diabetes aged 40-69 years from 2023-2032. PALYs were ascribed a financial value equivalent to gross domesti...
Clinical Significance of Myocardial Injury in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Prospective, Multicenter, Cohort Study.
JACC. CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING - 14 Aug 2024
Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with troponin elevation have a higher prevalence of cardiac abnormalities than control individuals. However, the progression and impact of myocardial injury on COVID-19 survivors remain unclear. This study sought to evaluate myocardial injury in COVID-19 survivors with troponin elevation with baseline and follow-up imaging and to assess medium-term outcomes. This ...
